{ "name": "living-abroad.org digital nomad visa dataset", "description": "Structured data on digital-nomad and long-stay visa programs — income thresholds, duration, tax treatment, insurance requirements, fees — researched from official government sources. Money in original currency and euros.", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "source": "https://www.living-abroad.org/data/", "generated_at": "2026-06-15T16:30:44Z", "fx_date": "2026-06-15", "program_count": 50, "programs": [ { "id": "AL-DNV", "slug": "albania", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/albania/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Albania", "iso": "AL", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "ALL" }, "program_name_official": "Unique Permit (Leje Unike) for Digital Mobile Workers / \"Punonjës Digjital i Lëvizshëm\"", "program_short": "Unique Permit (Digital Nomad)", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "ALL", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 60, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "special_regime", "regime_name": "12-month digital-nomad non-residence exemption (Law 25/2022, as amended; PE protection reinforced by Law 36/2023)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 30000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 45, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 4, "processing_time_weeks_max": 12 }, "recent_changes": "DCM 413/2023 and 414/2023 (both dated 07.07.2023) streamlined the digital-nomad route: a foreigner who can prove (via an employer statement) they work for an IT/software/consultancy company established abroad may ENTER without a visa and STAY without a unique permit for up to 1 year, and upfront documentary proof (lease, employment contract, 12-month bank statements) was replaced by an initial self-declaration, with originals submitted to the Regional Directorate of Border & Migration within 30 days of approval. Law 43/2025 'On some amendments and additions to the Law On Foreigners (79/2021)' has since been confirmed via multiple secondary legal sources (immigration law firm and KPMG): it broadens unique-permit eligibility, aligns the framework with EU standards and confirms the Ministry of Internal Affairs as issuing authority, and reiterates that hiring/contracting digital nomads does not create tax residency, corporate tax liability or permanent-establishment risk for foreign employers. The exact gazette text of Law 43/2025 was not directly read for this review (tier-1 not yet confirmed); treat its detailed provisions as secondary-sourced.", "data_confidence": "low", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://mb.gov.al/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Ligj-per-te-Huajt-%E2%80%93-nr.-79.2021_English.pdf", "title": "Law No. 79/2021 'On Aliens' (official English text, Albanian Ministry of Interior)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/albania-new-single-permit-available-for-digital-nomads-and-others.html", "title": "Albania: New Single Permit Available for Digital Nomads and Others", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/albania/individual/residence", "title": "Albania - Individual - Residence (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries): 183-day rule and permanent home", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/albania/individual/taxes-on-personal-income", "title": "Albania - Individual - Taxes on personal income (PwC): 2025 progressive PIT brackets", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://kpmg.com/us/en/home/insights/2023/07/tnf-albania-new-tax-incentives-for-digital-nomads.html", "title": "Albania: New tax incentives for 'digital nomads' (Law 25/2022 as amended; Law 36/2023)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://visionconsultingalbania.com/visa-and-residence-permit-digital-nomads/", "title": "Visa and residence permit procedures for digital nomads (DCM 413/2023 & 414/2023)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://y-tax.al/digital-nomads-taxation-in-albania/", "title": "Digital Nomads Taxation in Albania (Law 25/2022 12-month exemption)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://brighttax.com/blog/albania-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "The Albania Digital Nomad Visa (Unique Permit) - A Guide", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://regfollower.com/albania-government-approves-new-law-to-attract-digital-nomads/", "title": "Albania: Government approves new law to attract 'Digital Nomads' (Law 36/2023, 12-month exemption)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/albania-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Albania Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Requirements, Costs & How to Apply", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.mynomadspace.com/albania/unique-permit-albania-2026-guide/", "title": "The Unique Permit (Digital Nomad Visa) for Albania: A 2026 Guide", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "AG-NDR", "slug": "antigua-and-barbuda", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/antigua-and-barbuda/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Antigua and Barbuda", "iso": "AG", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "XCD" }, "program_name_official": "Nomad Digital Residence Visa (NDR Programme)", "program_short": "NDR", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "suspended", "launch_date": "2020-08-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 4167, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 3860, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "no_income_tax", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 1390, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 2 }, "recent_changes": "PROGRAMME ENDED: The Antigua and Barbuda Department of Immigration discontinued the Nomad Digital Residence (NDR) Programme effective 15 November 2025 (official government discontinuation notice published at ab.gov.ag). No new applications are accepted. Existing NDR visas remain valid until their original two-year expiry. No formal successor digital-nomad visa had been announced as of June 2026. The former third-party application channels (e.g. antiguanomadresidence.com) are no longer official and should not be used. Earlier (2023) a PR/citizenship add-on to the NDR was floated but never enacted before discontinuation.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://nomad.gov.ag/ui/", "title": "Nomad Digital Residence - Official Government Portal (homepage)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://nomad.gov.ag/ui/faq.php", "title": "Nomad Digital Residence FAQs - Antigua and Barbuda Department of Immigration (fees, duration, tax, insurance, renewability)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://ab.gov.ag/pdf/Discontinuation_of_the_NDR_prg.pdf", "title": "Discontinuation of the NDR Programme - Government of Antigua and Barbuda official notice (effective 15 Nov 2025)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://embassy.ag/dario-item-antigua-barbuda-nomad-digital-residence-visa-programme/", "title": "Nomad Digital Residence Visa Programme - Antigua and Barbuda Embassy in Madrid (income USD 50,000/yr, fees, insurance certificate, documents)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://antigua-barbuda.com/ova_sev/nomad-digital-residence-visa-programme/", "title": "Nomad Digital Residence Visa Programme - Antigua and Barbuda High Commission UK (income, fees, 2-year duration, medical-insurance prerequisite)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://taxhackers.io/blog/en-antigua-and-barbuda-digital-nomad-visa", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda Digital Nomad Visa Guide (corroborates 5-7 business-day processing; not-tax-resident treatment)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.caribjournal.com/2016/01/21/antigua-and-barbuda-is-abolishing-its-personal-income-tax/", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda Is Abolishing Its Personal Income Tax - Caribbean Journal (PIT abolished April 2016)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.mbs.gov.ag/v2/", "title": "Medical Benefits Scheme - Government of Antigua and Barbuda (public health financing; resident eligibility)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://nomadcapitalist.com/expat/antigua-and-barbuda-nomad-digital-residence-program/", "title": "Antigua and Barbuda Digital Nomad Visa Guide - Nomad Capitalist (corroborates fees incl. USD 650/additional dependent, income, 2-year duration)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "AR-DNV", "slug": "argentina", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/argentina/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Argentina", "iso": "AR", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "ARS" }, "program_name_official": "Residencia transitoria para nómadas digitales (Disposición DNM N° 758/2022, Ley 25.871)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-05-21", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": false, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "unclear", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": null, "types_accepted": [] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": null, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 3 }, "recent_changes": "Official pages last updated 2024-2025; the regulation (Disposición DNM 758/2022) is unchanged. Migration fees restated under Decreto 584/2024.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.boletinoficial.gob.ar/detalleAviso/primera/262282/20220511", "title": "Dirección Nacional de Migraciones — Disposición 758/2022 (Boletín Oficial)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.argentina.gob.ar/servicio/obtener-una-residencia-transitoria-como-nomada-digital", "title": "Obtener una residencia transitoria como Nómada Digital (Migraciones)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "BB-WELCOME", "slug": "barbados", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/barbados/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Barbados", "iso": "BB", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "BBD" }, "program_name_official": "Barbados 12-Month Welcome Stamp", "program_short": "Welcome Stamp", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2020-06-30", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 4167, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 3855, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Remote Employment Act, 2020-23 (Welcome Stamp non-resident treatment)", "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 1850, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 2 }, "recent_changes": "Programme remains active in 2026 with a reported extension to 31 December 2026. The Remote Employment Act, 2020-23 (as amended) permits renewal/reapplication for those resident under the programme for a year or more, with renewal fees and a reported 25% discount on renewal. Applicants are advised to confirm the current closing/extension date before applying, as the scheme has been a temporary, periodically-extended programme since 2020.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.visitbarbados.org/barbados-welcome-stamp", "title": "Explore the 12-Month Barbados Welcome Stamp — Visit Barbados (official portal; barbadoswelcomestamp.bb redirects here)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.foreign.gov.bb/side-post/barbados-welcome-stamp-programme/", "title": "Barbados Welcome Stamp Programme — Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Foreign Trade", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://gisbarbados.gov.bb/blog/update-on-welcome-stamp-programme-for-the-period-ending-july-2022/", "title": "Update on Welcome Stamp Programme — Government Information Service (GIS) Barbados", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://mes.gov.bb/Welcome-Stamp/The-Process.aspx", "title": "Welcome Stamp — The Process (Government of Barbados)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.pwc.com/bb/en/services/pdf/12-month-barbados-welcome-stamp.pdf", "title": "12-Month Barbados Welcome Stamp Overview — PwC Barbados", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.businessbarbados.com/articles/escape-the-remote-tax-trap", "title": "Escape the Remote Tax Trap — Welcome Stamp non-resident tax treatment, Business Barbados", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.qehconnect.com/faq/am-i-entitled-to-free-treatment/", "title": "Am I entitled to free treatment? — Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/barbados-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Barbados Digital Nomad Visa (Welcome Stamp): Requirements, Cost & How to Apply — Citizen Remote (states travel insurance not accepted)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://nvestestates.com/barbados-welcome-stamp-hits-new-highs-extended-to-2026/", "title": "Barbados Welcome Stamp Hits New Highs, Extended to 2026", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "BR-DNV", "slug": "brazil", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/brazil/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Brazil", "iso": "BR", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "BRL" }, "program_name_official": "Visto Temporário XIV — Nômade Digital (VITEM XIV, CNIg Resolution 45/2021)", "program_short": "VITEM XIV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-01-24", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 1500, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1380, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 16560 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": false, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 100, "application_location": [ "embassy", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 1 }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/resolucao-cnig-mjsp-n-45-de-9-de-setembro-de-2021-375554693", "title": "Resolução CNIG MJSP nº 45/2021 (Diário Oficial da União)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/embaixada-helsinque/consular-services/digital-nomad-visa-vitem-xiv", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa (VITEM XIV) — Embassy of Brazil (consular fee, process)", "authority_type": "embassy" } ] }, { "id": "CV-REMOTE", "slug": "cape-verde", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/cape-verde/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Cape Verde", "iso": "CV", "region": "africa", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "CVE" }, "program_name_official": "Remote Working Cabo Verde Program", "program_short": "Remote Working Program", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2020-12", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 1500, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 1500, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 1500 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Remote Working Program tax exemption (foreign-source income)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 20, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 2 }, "recent_changes": "Entry/visa context changed from 1 January 2026: Cabo Verde suspended visa-on-arrival for nationals of 96 countries (Decree No. 244/GMAI/2025, Official Bulletin 24 Nov 2025); affected travellers must now obtain a visa in advance, either online linked to EASE or at a Cabo Verde embassy/consulate. All visitors (including the visa-exempt) must still complete EASE pre-registration and pay the Airport Security Tax (TSA, ~3,400 CVE for stays up to 30 days). The Remote Working Program itself (run by Turismo de Cabo Verde) continues to advertise the same rules — 6 months renewable to 12, 1.500 EUR/2.700 EUR average-balance proof of income, 20 EUR visa fee, 34 EUR airport fee, income-tax exemption. Remote-working applicants from the 96 affected countries should confirm whether they must now collect the approved visa at a consulate before travel.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.visit-caboverde.com/en/remote-working", "title": "Remote Working Program in Cabo Verde — Turismo de Cabo Verde (official ITCV portal)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.visit-caboverde.com/en/remote-working", "title": "Remote Working Program — 'Proof of Income' requirement (Individual 1.500 EUR / Family 2.700 EUR average bank balance, last 6 months)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.visit-caboverde.com/en/remote-working", "title": "Remote Working Program — 'Insurance' requirement (travel + health insurance with evacuation and body-transportation cover) and 'Costs' (visa fee 20 EUR/person, airport fee 34 EUR/person)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/cabo-verde/individual/residence", "title": "Cabo Verde — Individual — Residence (>183-day aggregate rule in a calendar year and 31-December habitual-residence test), PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://www.caboverdeexpert.com/cabo-verde-digital-nomad-visa-key-benefits-tax-income/", "title": "Cabo Verde Digital Nomad Visa: Key Benefits, Tax & Income — caboverdeexpert (tax-resident carve-out, no PR/citizenship path, local clients prohibited)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://discover.passportindex.org/uncategorized/cape-verde-suspends-visa-on-arrival-for-citizens-of-96-countries/", "title": "Cape Verde suspends visa on arrival for citizens of 96 countries (Decree No. 244/GMAI/2025, eff. 1 Jan 2026)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.ease.gov.cv/", "title": "EASE — Cabo Verde official traveller pre-registration & Airport Security Tax (TSA) platform", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://visaguide.world/digital-nomad-visa/cabo-verde/", "title": "Cabo Verde Digital Nomad Visa — Remote Working Cabo Verde (consolidated requirements: 1.500/2.700 EUR balance, 6+6 month validity, 20 EUR visa fee, 34 EUR airport fee, ~2-week processing)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://feelcaboverde.com/en/health-services-in-cape-verde/", "title": "Health Services & Regulations in Cape Verde — overview of the public/private health system and fees for non-nationals", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "CO-DNV", "slug": "colombia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/colombia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Colombia", "iso": "CO", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "COP" }, "program_name_official": "Visa de Visitante (V) — Nómadas Digitales (Resolución 5477/2022, Art. 46)", "program_short": "V-Nomad", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-10-21", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 5252715, "currency": "COP", "min_monthly_eur": 1130, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 213, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "2026 SMLMV (the formula base) set at COP 1,750,905; 3 SMLMV = COP 5,252,715/month for 2026.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/compilacion/docs/resolucion_minrelaciones_5477_2022.htm", "title": "Resolución 5477 de 2022 (MRE), Art. 46 — Visa V Nómadas digitales", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.cancilleria.gov.co/tramites_servicios/visa/costos-medios-pago-oficinas-atencion", "title": "Cancillería de Colombia — Visa costs", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.dian.gov.co/impuestos/personas/Paginas/rentaresidentes.aspx", "title": "DIAN — tax residency for foreigners / 183-day rule", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "CR-DNV", "slug": "costa-rica", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/costa-rica/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Costa Rica", "iso": "CR", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "CRC" }, "program_name_official": "Estancia para Trabajador o Prestador Remoto de Servicios (Ley N.º 10008)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-07-08", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 2760, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Ley 10008 incentivos fiscales", "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 46000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 92, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 3 }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://migracion.go.cr/nomadas-digitales/", "title": "Nómadas Digitales — Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=97374&nValor3=131405&strTipM=TC", "title": "Reglamento Ley 10008 — Decreto Ejecutivo N.º 43619 (texto completo, SCIJ/La Gaceta)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://pgrweb.go.cr/scij/Busqueda/Normativa/Normas/nrm_texto_completo.aspx?param1=NRTC&nValor1=1&nValor2=95085&nValor3=126839&strTipM=TC", "title": "Ley N.º 10008 — texto completo (estancia de un año prorrogable)", "authority_type": "gazette" } ] }, { "id": "HR-DN", "slug": "croatia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/croatia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Croatia", "iso": "HR", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Privremeni boravak u svrhu boravka digitalnih nomada (Temporary stay of digital nomads)", "program_short": "DN", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-01-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3622.5, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3622.5, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 43470 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 18, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 18, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Digital nomad exemption, Income Tax Act Art. 9(1)(26)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 46.45, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "The Act on Amendments to the Foreigners Act, NN 40/2025 (published 7 March 2025; in force 15 March 2025 — a date reported by Croatian professional and legal publications rather than confirmed directly from the gazette's final clause), extended the maximum digital nomad stay from 12 to 18 months (Art. 61(1): validity of up to 18 months, within which one extension is possible). Where the initial grant was shorter, an extension of up to 6 months may be requested within 60 days before expiry, and a 6-month cooling-off period now applies after expiry before reapplying — including after a stay as a nomad's family member or life partner (Art. 57(4)). For 2026, MUP states the income threshold at EUR 3,622.50 per month (2.5 times the previous year's average net salary), with a savings alternative of EUR 43,470 for 12 months or EUR 65,205 for 18 months.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work-281622/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads-286853/286853", "title": "MUP - Temporary stay of digital nomads (English)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/gradjani-281562/moji-dokumenti-281563/stranci-333/privremeni-boravak-u-svrhu-boravka-digitalnih-nomada/286832", "title": "MUP - Privremeni boravak u svrhu boravka digitalnih nomada (Croatian)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/aliens-281621/stay-and-work-281622/temporary-stay-of-digital-nomads-286853/286853", "title": "MUP - Temporary stay of digital nomads (health insurance document requirement)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2021_03_26_565.html", "title": "Zakon o izmjenama i dopuni Zakona o obveznom zdravstvenom osiguranju i zdravstvenoj zastiti stranaca u RH, NN 26/2021 (digital nomads exempt from compulsory HZZO registration)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2020_12_138_2625.html", "title": "Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o porezu na dohodak, NN 138/2020 (Art. 9(1)(26) digital nomad exemption, in force 1 Jan 2021)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://porezna-uprava.gov.hr/en/determination-of-residency-status/7378", "title": "Croatian Tax Administration - Determination of residency status (183-day habitual abode / permanent residence)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2025_03_40_545.html", "title": "Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o strancima, NN 40/2025 (Art. 61(1) 18-month duration with one extension; Art. 57(4) 6-month cooling-off)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2020_12_133_2520.html", "title": "Zakon o strancima, NN 133/2020 (Art. 3(1)(43) digital nomad definition)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://emn.gov.hr/vijesti/hrvatski-sabor-izglasao-novi-zakon-o-strancima/563", "title": "EMN Croatia (government) - New Foreigners Act in force 1 January 2021, introduces digital nomad stay", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://mup.gov.hr/gradjani-281562/moji-dokumenti-281563/stranci-333/privremeni-boravak-u-svrhu-boravka-digitalnih-nomada/286832", "title": "MUP - Privremeni boravak digitalnih nomada (fee schedule)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://digitalnomadscroatia.mup.hr/", "title": "Digital Nomads Croatia - official MUP online application portal", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "CW-ATHOME", "slug": "curacao", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/curacao/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Curacao", "iso": "CW", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "ANG" }, "program_name_official": "@HOME in Curaçao — Temporary Stay Permit for Remote Workers / Digital Nomads", "program_short": "@HOME", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-02", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 255, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 2 }, "recent_changes": "No substantive rule changes confirmed for 2025–2026 from the official source; the program remains a 6+6-month Temporary Stay Permit with an ANG 535 (~USD 294) fee and ~2-week (14-business-day) processing. The COVID-19 travel-insurance-coverage clause from the 2021 launch is still present in the official FAQ. Third-party guides increasingly disagree on or omit the once-circulated USD 2,500/month income figure, consistent with the official site never having published a fixed minimum.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://athomeincuracao.com/faq/", "title": "FAQ — At Home in Curaçao (official program site)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://athomeincuracao.com/faq/", "title": "At Home in Curaçao FAQ — fees (ANG 535 / ~USD 294), processing ~2 weeks", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://athomeincuracao.com/faq/", "title": "At Home in Curaçao FAQ — 'You will not be required to pay Curaçao Income Tax'; remote workers do not become residents", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://athomeincuracao.com/faq/", "title": "At Home in Curaçao FAQ — valid international travel insurance (incl. COVID-19) and medical insurance prerequisite", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://athomeincuracao.com/", "title": "At Home in Curaçao — official program homepage (three target groups: remote workers, hibernators, investors)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://curacaovisitors.com/at-home-in-curacao/remote-workers/", "title": "Remote Workers — Curaçao Visitors (official tourism board): documents required, NAF 535 fee, up to 6 months", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://svbcur.org/en/werknemers/bvz/", "title": "Basisverzekering ziektekosten (BVZ) — SVB Curaçao (public basic health insurance, residents only)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.caribjournal.com/2021/02/11/curacao-long-term-stay-program-new/", "title": "Curacao Launches Long-Term Stay Program — Caribbean Journal (launch dated 11 Feb 2021)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.globalcitizensolutions.com/curacao-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "How to Apply for the Curaçao Digital Nomad Visa — Temporary Stay Permit, no residency, 6+6 months", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=294&From=USD&To=EUR", "title": "XE — USD→EUR conversion (1 USD ≈ 0.86 EUR, 15 June 2026) used to derive the ~EUR 255 fee", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.pacificprime.com/country/americas/cura%C3%A7ao-health-insurance-expats/", "title": "Curaçao Health Insurance for Expats — public (BVZ) vs private access", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "CY-DNV", "slug": "cyprus", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/cyprus/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Cyprus", "iso": "CY", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": false, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa Scheme", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-10-15", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3500, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3500, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 36, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": "Possible non-dom regime", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 140, "application_location": [ "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 5, "processing_time_weeks_max": 7 }, "recent_changes": "Scheme reopened and again accepting applications (announcement 26 March 2025); maximum number of permits remains capped at 500.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.gov.cy/mip-md/en/documents/digital-nomads-and-family-members/", "title": "Digital nomads and family members — Migration Department (Gov.cy)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gov.cy/app/uploads/sites/174/2025/12/DIGITAL-NOMAD-VISA-SCHEME-E%CE%9D.pdf", "title": "Cyprus Digital Nomad Visa Scheme (official scheme PDF)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "CZ-ZIVNO", "slug": "czech-republic", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/czech-republic/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Czech Republic", "iso": "CZ", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "CZK" }, "program_name_official": "Long-term Visa for the Purpose of Doing Business (Živnostenské oprávnění / 'Zivno')", "program_short": "Zivno", "visa_type": "freelance", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "CZK", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 6260 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": "Flat-rate (paušální daň) for OSVČ", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 200, "application_location": [ "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 13, "processing_time_weeks_max": 17 }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://ipc.gov.cz/en/visa-and-residence-permit-types/third-country-nationals/long-term-visa/long-term-visa-for-the-purpose-of-doing-business/", "title": "Long-term Visa for Doing Business — Information Portal for Foreigners (Ministry of the Interior)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://mv.gov.cz/mvcren/article/proof-of-funds-for-the-purposes-of-a-long-term-visa.aspx", "title": "Proof of funds for a long-term visa — Ministry of the Interior", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://mzv.gov.cz/jnp/en/information_for_aliens/long_stay_visa/entrepreneurship.html", "title": "Entrepreneurship (long-term visa) — Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "DO-DNV", "slug": "dominican-republic", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/dominican-republic/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Dominican Republic", "iso": "DO", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "DOP" }, "program_name_official": "No dedicated digital-nomad visa. Remote workers use either (a) the tourist card + stay extension (\"Prórroga de Estadía para Turistas\", Dirección General de Migración) for short/medium stays, or (b) the Rentista/Pensionado residence under Law No. 171-07 (\"Incentivos Especiales a los Pensionados y Rentistas de Fuente Extranjera\") for long stays. A digital-nomad-visa bill is pending in the Senate but not enacted.", "program_short": "Rentista (171-07) / Tourist-card extension", "visa_type": "other", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2007-07-13", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1722, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "limited" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": "Law 171-07 incentives (Pensionado/Rentista) + general territorial regime", "residency_trigger_days": 182 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory", "public_enrollment" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 51, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 9 }, "recent_changes": "A digital-nomad-visa bill (sponsored by Senator Franklin Romero) was submitted to the Senate and remains pending study in the Senate Tourism Commission as of 2026 — not approved or in force. Separately, the DGM has moved the tourist stay-extension (prórroga) fully online via the servicios.migracion.gob.do portal, with a published staged tariff schedule running from 30 days up to 36 months: RD$3,500 (30–90 days), RD$5,600 (3–9 months), RD$7,000 (9–12 months), RD$9,100 (12–18 months), RD$11,200 (18–24 months), RD$13,300 (24–30 months), RD$15,400 (30–36 months). No change to Law 171-07 income thresholds (still US$2,000 Rentista / US$1,500 Pensionado).", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://dgii.gov.do/legislacion/leyesTributarias/Documents/Leyes%20de%20Incentivos%20y%20Fomentos/171-07.pdf", "title": "Ley No. 171-07 sobre Incentivos Especiales a los Pensionados y Rentistas de Fuente Extranjera (full text, DGII)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://migracion.gob.do/servicio/prorroga-de-estadia/", "title": "Prórroga de Estadía para Turistas — Dirección General de Migración (DGM): staged tariff table RD$3,500–RD$15,400", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://migracion.gob.do/en/servicio/residence-for-investment-in-quality-of-retired-or-pensioned/", "title": "Residence for Investment in Quality of Retired or Pensioned — Dirección General de Migración (DGM)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://drlawyer.com/espanol/leyes/ley-171-07-sobre-incentivos-especiales-a-los-pensionados-y-rentistas-de-fuente-extranjera/", "title": "Ley 171-07 sobre Incentivos a Pensionados y Rentistas (income thresholds + tax exemptions) — Guzmán Ariza (law firm)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://thenomadtax.com/en/2025/03/residency-in-the-dominican-republic/", "title": "Residency in the Dominican Republic for expats (171-07 income, 182-day tax residency, medical exam) — The Nomad Tax", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://alterlegal.do/es/2025/10/31/aclaracion-sobre-la-tributacion-territorial-y-las-reglas-de-residencia-fiscal-para-extranjeros-en-la-republica-dominicana/", "title": "Aclaración sobre la tributación territorial y las reglas de residencia fiscal para extranjeros — Alter Legal (law firm)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://eldia.com.do/visa-de-nomada-digital-que-es-como-funciona-y-a-quienes-beneficia/", "title": "Visa de nómada digital: qué es, cómo funciona y a quiénes beneficia (DR bill still pending) — El Día", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/usd-eur-2026", "title": "USD to EUR exchange rate history 2026 (USD/EUR ≈ 0.8612 on 2026-06-15)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.expat.com/en/guide/central-america/dominican-republic/12435-health-care-in-the-dominican-republic.html", "title": "Healthcare in the Dominican Republic — Expat.com guide (SeNaSa/ARS, public vs private access)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://everythingpuntacana.com/tag/tourist-card/", "title": "Dominican Republic Tourist Card — What You Need to Know in 2026 (US$10 fee, visa-free 30 days)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "EC-DNV", "slug": "ecuador", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/ecuador/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Ecuador", "iso": "EC", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "USD" }, "program_name_official": "Visa de residencia temporal rentista para trabajo remoto (Visa Nómada)", "program_short": "Visa Nómada (Rentista)", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-06", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 1446, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1245, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "special_regime", "regime_name": "Residencia fiscal temporal (temporary tax-residency regime for new residents)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 276, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 16 }, "recent_changes": "Income floor rose for 2026: the Salario Basico Unificado increased to USD 482 (from USD 470 in 2025) under Acuerdo Ministerial MDT-2025-195 (Registro Oficial Suplemento No. 187, 18 Dec 2025; effective 1 Jan 2026), lifting the 3x-SBU requirement to USD 1,446/month (was USD 1,410 in 2025). Applications are handled through the Cancilleria e-VISAS online platform. A temporary tax-residency regime (Ecuadorian-source income only for 5 years) took effect in Jan 2024 and materially affects how foreign income is taxed.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.gob.ec/mremh/tramites/concesion-visa-residencia-temporal-rentista-trabajo-remoto-visa-nomada", "title": "Concesion de visa de residencia temporal rentista para trabajo remoto (Visa Nomada) - Guia Oficial de Tramites y Servicios", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gob.ec/mremh/tramites/concesion-visa-residencia-temporal-rentista-trabajo-remoto-visa-nomada", "title": "gob.ec - Visa Nomada: income (3 SBU/mes o 36 SBU/ano), fees (USD 50 + USD 270), duration (hasta 2 anos), dependent surcharge (USD 250/mes), insurance requirement, discounts", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.trabajo.gob.ec/despues-de-casi-una-decada-hay-consenso-gobierno-empleadores-y-trabajadores-acuerdan-fijar-el-salario-basico-unificado-de-2026-en-usd-482-no-hay-imposicion-hay-union/", "title": "Ministerio del Trabajo - Salario Basico Unificado 2026 fijado en USD 482", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://nmslaw.com.ec/blog/2025/12/22/ecuador-salario-basico-unificado-2026/", "title": "Ecuador fija el Salario Basico Unificado para 2026 en USD 482 (Acuerdo Ministerial MDT-2025-195)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/ecuador-temporary-residence-visa-for-digital-nomads-available.html", "title": "Ecuador: Temporary Residence Visa for Digital Nomads Available - Fragomen", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://salf.ec/residencia-temporal-rentista-para-trabajo-remoto-visa-nomada/", "title": "Residencia temporal rentista para trabajo remoto (Visa Nomada) - Sperber & Alvarez", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/ecuador/individual/residence", "title": "Ecuador - Individual - Residence (183-day test, temporary tax-residency regime, Jan 2024, 5-year term) - PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://www.greenbacktaxservices.com/country-guide/expat-taxes-for-ecuador/", "title": "Expat Tax Guide for Ecuador - worldwide income for tax residents, 0-37% rates", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://ecuapass.com/permanent-residency", "title": "Ecuador Permanent Residency: Eligible After 21 Months - EcuaPass", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://ecuapass.com/blog/iess-healthcare-expats-ecuador", "title": "IESS Healthcare for Expats in Ecuador: Enrollment, Costs & Coverage - EcuaPass", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.aeroseer.com/post/how-to-apply-for-the-ecuador-digital-nomad-visa-a-complete-2026-guide", "title": "How to get an Ecuador digital nomad visa: A complete 2026 guide (income USD 1,446, PR path)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/usd-eur-2026", "title": "USD to EUR exchange rate history 2026 (0.8612 on 2026-06-15)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "EE-DNV", "slug": "estonia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/estonia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Estonia", "iso": "EE", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Estonian Digital Nomad Visa (teleworking visa, C/D)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2020-08-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 4500, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 4500, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 4500 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 18, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "limited" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 120, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.politsei.ee/en/instructions/visa-and-extending-period-of-stay/long-term-visa", "title": "Long-term visa — Police and Border Guard Board", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://vm.ee/en/consular-visa-and-travel-information/visa-information/application-long-stay-d-visa", "title": "Application for a long-stay (D) visa — Ministry of Foreign Affairs", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.e-resident.gov.ee/blog/posts/faqs-about-estonias-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "FAQs about Estonia's Digital Nomad Visa — e-Residency (Republic of Estonia)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "GE-REMOTE", "slug": "georgia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/georgia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Georgia", "iso": "GE", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "GEL" }, "program_name_official": "Visa-free stay up to 365 days (Ordinance No 255); commonly combined with Individual Entrepreneur + Small Business Status (1%)", "program_short": "Remote", "visa_type": "remote_work_permit", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "limited" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": "Individual Entrepreneur (Small Business Status, 1% turnover tax)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": null, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "The COVID-era 'Remotely from Georgia' permit (min USD 2,000/month + 6-month insurance) is being phased out now that borders are open; the visa-free 365-day stay is the operative route.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://matsne.gov.ge/en/document/view/2867361", "title": "List of visa-free countries (Government Ordinance No 255, consolidated)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.rs.ge/PersonsPreferentialTax-en?cat=2&tab=1", "title": "Revenue Service of Georgia — Small Business (Special Tax Statuses)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "DE-FREELANCE", "slug": "germany", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/germany/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Germany", "iso": "DE", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Aufenthaltserlaubnis zur Ausübung einer freiberuflichen Tätigkeit (§21 (5) AufenthG)", "program_short": "Freelance", "visa_type": "freelance", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "freelance", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 36, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "yes", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 100, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/working-in-germany/setting-up-business/visa/freelance", "title": "Visa for freelance business — Make it in Germany (Federal Government)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.make-it-in-germany.com/en/working-in-germany/setting-up-business/visa/self-employed", "title": "Visa for self-employed business — Make it in Germany (fees, health insurance)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/englisch_aufenthg/englisch_aufenthg.html", "title": "Residence Act (AufenthG) §21 — official English translation", "authority_type": "gazette" } ] }, { "id": "GR-DNV", "slug": "greece", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/greece/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Greece", "iso": "GR", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Εθνική θεώρηση εισόδου ψηφιακών νομάδων / National entry visa for digital nomads (residence title type «Ζ.1»), Article 68 of Law 5038/2023 (Greek Migration Code), originally introduced by Article 11 of Law 4825/2021", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-09-04", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3500, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3500, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 75, "application_location": [ "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1.5, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "Law 5275/2026 (Gazette A' 17/06.02.2026, in force from publication): Article 13 repealed Art. 12(7) of the Migration Code, abolishing the in-country route by which digital nomads who entered Greece visa-free or on a Schengen C visa could apply directly for the 2-year I.8 residence permit. A national D (Z.1) visa from a Greek consulate is now a mandatory first step, as confirmed by the Zepos & Yannopoulos newsletter of 11 Feb 2026. The same law extended the general late-renewal grace period to 3 months after permit expiry, with a EUR 100/month fine (Art. 12 of Law 5275/2026, amending Art. 11 of the Code). Law 5275/2026 contains no amendment to Art. 68: income, fee and insurance parameters are unchanged.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.mfa.gr/en/services/working-in-greece-as-a-digital-nomad/", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa - Hellenic Republic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (pointer page to workfromgreece.gr)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://workfromgreece.gr/faq", "title": "Work From Greece (official state portal) - FAQs: visa, income EUR 3,500 +20%/+15%, healthcare/insurance, tax (180-day wording), permit renewal", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://migration.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82.pdf", "title": "Migration Code, Law 5038/2023, Gazette A' 81/01.04.2023 - Art. 68 (digital nomads Z.1, EUR 3,500/month, +20%/+15%), Art. 8(e) (insurance), Art. 12(7) original in-country route, Art. 163(8) (I.8 permit)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://migration.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/%CE%9A%CF%8E%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82-%CE%9C%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82.pdf", "title": "Migration Code, Law 5038/2023 - Art. 68(2)(st): EUR 75 visa fee; Art. 68(2): 10-day consular response; Art. 171(1)(h): EUR 1,000 I.8 permit fee", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://migration.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/%CE%A6%CE%95%CE%9A%CE%9117_6.2.2025.pdf", "title": "Law 5275/2026, Gazette A' 17/06.02.2026 - Art. 13 repealing Art. 12(7) Migration Code (in-country route); Art. 12 (3-month late-renewal grace, EUR 100/month fine); commencement from publication", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://migration.gov.gr/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/3_%CE%9A%CE%A5%CE%91-%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD-%CF%80%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BD.pdf", "title": "JMD (KYA) oik. 225679 on sufficient resources under L.5038/2023 - EUR 3,500/month for Art. 68(1)/Art. 163(8) digital nomads, +20% spouse, +15% per child, monthly or annual assessment", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/pakistan-en/visas/national-visas.html", "title": "Embassy of Greece in Islamabad - National Visas (updated 23 Dec 2025): general supporting documents incl. travel insurance with validity equal to the visa requested (MD F3497.3/Ap24245/2014)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.aade.gr/en/greeks-abroad-non-residents/income-taxation/tax-residence-natural-persons-itc", "title": "AADE (Independent Authority for Public Revenue) - Tax residence for natural persons (Art. 4 ITC: >183 days cumulatively in any 12-month period; 365-day touristic/medical exception)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.zeya.com/newsletters/new-immigration-law-52752026-key-provisions-and-practical-implications", "title": "Zepos & Yannopoulos (11 Feb 2026) - New Immigration Law 5275/2026: digital nomads (Z.1) now require D visa, C-visa/visa-waiver route abolished; 3-month grace, EUR 100/month late fee", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.ey.com/en_gr/technical/tax/tax-alerts/law-5275-2026-immigration-policies", "title": "EY Greece Law Alert - Law 5275/2026 immigration code amendments (3-month late-renewal window, EUR 100/month fine; no digital-nomad-specific commentary)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://migration.gov.gr/nomothesia-1-2/nomothesia-ypiresia-nomimis-metanasteysis/", "title": "Ministry of Migration and Asylum - legislation index confirming Law 4825/2021 (Gazette 157 A'/4.09.2021, attraction of investors and digital nomads)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "GD-REMOTE", "slug": "grenada", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/grenada/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Grenada", "iso": "GD", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "XCD" }, "program_name_official": "Remote-Work Permit under the Remote Employment Act, 2021 (Act No. 3 of 2021)", "program_short": "Remote-Work Permit", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-10", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 8333, "currency": "XCD", "min_monthly_eur": 2660, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Remote Employment Act tax exemption (s.9) + statutory non-residence (s.10)", "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 1292, "application_location": [ "embassy", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "No statutory amendments to the Remote Employment Act, 2021 located as of June 2026; the EC$100,000 annual income test, the Schedule II fees, the 1-year (renewable) permit and the foreign-income tax exemption all remain as enacted and are restated unchanged on the Grenada Tourism Authority page. Processing time is not fixed in the Act; third-party agents cite roughly 2-4 weeks (some quote ~10-12 working days), so it is indicative only and not government-confirmed.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Act-No.-3-of-2021-Remote-Employment.pdf", "title": "Remote Employment Act, 2021 (Act No. 3 of 2021) - full text incl. Schedule II Fees and Schedule III duties exemptions", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Act-No.-3-of-2021-Remote-Employment.pdf", "title": "Remote Employment Act 2021 s.4(1)(c) and s.6(1)(c) - EC$100,000 annual foreign income requirement (application and renewal)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Act-No.-3-of-2021-Remote-Employment.pdf", "title": "Remote Employment Act 2021 s.3(2)(c), s.4(1)(d), s.6(1)(d) - mandatory health insurance for the permit period", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Act-No.-3-of-2021-Remote-Employment.pdf", "title": "Remote Employment Act 2021 s.9 (no income tax on foreign income) and s.10 (presumption of non-residence)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://grenadaparliament.gd/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Act-No.-3-of-2021-Remote-Employment.pdf", "title": "Remote Employment Act 2021 Schedule II - application and renewal fees (US$/EC$), and s.3(3)/s.6 one-year renewable validity", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.puregrenada.com/remote-employment-act-presents-exciting-tourism-opportunities-for-grenada/", "title": "Grenada Tourism Authority - Remote Employment Act overview (confirms EC$100,000 income, 1-year validity, US$1,500 individual fee, insurance & police certificate)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://nowgrenada.com/2021/05/grenada-approves-remote-working-legislation/", "title": "NOW Grenada - Grenada approves remote-working legislation", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/grenada-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Citizen Remote - Grenada Digital Nomad Visa (indicative processing time and practical application steps; tier-3, not government)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.expatexchange.com/ctryguide/6316/381/Grenada/Understanding-the-Health-System-in-Grenada", "title": "Expat Exchange - Understanding the Health System in Grenada (public/private healthcare, General Hospital)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/usd-eur-2026", "title": "USD to EUR exchange-rate history 2026 (FX basis for EUR conversions; 0.8612 on 15 Jun 2026)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "HU-WHITECARD", "slug": "hungary", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/hungary/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Hungary", "iso": "HU", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "HUF" }, "program_name_official": "White Card — residency for digital nomads (Fehér Kártya)", "program_short": "White Card", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-01-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3000, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3000, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": false, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 110, "application_location": [ "embassy", "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 3, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://oif.gov.hu/factsheets/white-card-residency-for-digital-nomads", "title": "White Card — residency for digital nomads — OIF (National Directorate-General for Aliens Policing)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://oif.gov.hu/factsheets/procedural-fees", "title": "Procedural fees — OIF (residence permit issuance fee EUR 110)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "IS-REMOTE", "slug": "iceland", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/iceland/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Iceland", "iso": "IS", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": true, "currency": "ISK" }, "program_name_official": "Long-term visa for remote workers and their family members (Útlendingastofnun / Directorate of Immigration)", "program_short": "Remote Work Long-Term Visa", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2020-11-05", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 1000000, "currency": "ISK", "min_monthly_eur": 6935, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 6, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "unclear", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 85, "application_location": [ "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "In October 2024 the Icelandic government issued an amendment to the Remote Work Long-Term Visa regulations (Government of Iceland notice, 1 Oct 2024; widely reported as taking effect for the 2025 cycle), reconfirming the ISK 1,000,000 / ISK 1,300,000 income thresholds and the up-to-6-month remote-work stay for non-EEA/EFTA nationals working for foreign companies. Separately, the Directorate of Immigration (Útlendingastofnun) website has migrated to island.is: the former utl.is remote-work page now 301-redirects to island.is/s/utlendingastofnun, and the live application page is island.is/saekja-um-langtimavegabrefsaritun-vegna-fjarvinnu. A mid-2026 notice reports visa-issuance functions moving toward the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, so the issuing authority and exact application channel may change — verify the current competent authority before applying.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220424193606/https://utl.is/en/long-term-visa-for-remote-workers-and-their-family-members", "title": "Long-term visa for remote workers and their family members — Directorate of Immigration (Útlendingastofnun), archived utl.is page", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20220613185716/http://utl.is/files/Eydublod/L-802_Long_term_visa_for_remote_work.pdf", "title": "Form L-802 — Application for a long-term visa for remote workers and their family members (official Directorate of Immigration form)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://island.is/saekja-um-langtimavegabrefsaritun-vegna-fjarvinnu", "title": "Sækja um langtímavegabréfsáritun vegna fjarvinnu — current official island.is application page for the remote-work long-term visa (utl.is now redirects here)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://work.iceland.is/working/long-term-visa-for-remote-workers/", "title": "Long-term visa for remote workers in Iceland — Work in Iceland (official government portal): income ISK 1,000,000/1,300,000, 180/90-day tiers, no kennitala, fee ISK 12,200, processing 2-4 weeks", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://work.iceland.is/working/health-insurance/", "title": "Icelandic Health Insurance — Work in Iceland (official portal): public cover requires 6 months legal residence + kennitala", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.government.is/news/article/2024/10/01/Amendment-to-Remote-Work-Long-Term-Visa-Regulations/", "title": "Amendment to Remote Work Long-Term Visa Regulations — Government of Iceland (government.is), 1 Oct 2024", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/alerts/remote-work-program-introduced", "title": "Remote Work Program Introduced — Fragomen (immigration law firm): program introduced 5 Nov 2020, up to six months, foreign-employment requirement", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://schengenvisainfo.com/news/iceland-introduces-long-term-visa-for-non-eu-eea-teleworkers/", "title": "Iceland Introduces Long-Term Visa for non-EU/EEA Teleworkers — SchengenVisaInfo (media): confirms 2020 launch and income/insurance requirements", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://nnroad.com/compliance/iceland-remote-work-visa-amendment-digital-nomads-remote-professionals/", "title": "Iceland Remote Work Visa 2025: Digital Nomad Update — NNRoad (global mobility/compliance provider): Oct-2024 amendment, up to six months", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://visaguide.world/digital-nomad-visa/iceland/", "title": "Iceland Digital Nomad Visa — Application and Requirements (VisaGuide.World): fee ISK 12,200, processing 2-4 weeks, ISK 2,000,000 insurance figure (unconfirmed against tier-1)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/converter/isk-eur", "title": "ISK to EUR converter — exchange-rates.org (rate 144.20 ISK/EUR, 0.006935 EUR/ISK on 15 Jun 2026, used for EUR normalisation)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "ID-E33G", "slug": "indonesia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/indonesia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Indonesia", "iso": "ID", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "IDR" }, "program_name_official": "E33G Visa Rumah Kedua Pekerja Jarak Jauh (Remote Worker Visa)", "program_short": "E33G", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-04-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 5000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 4320, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 1728 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "no", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": null, "types_accepted": [] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 337, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 1 }, "recent_changes": "Changes over the past 12 months: (1) Effective 29 May 2025 (Circular IMI-417.GR.01.01/2025), all foreigners extending stay permits — including E33G ITAS extensions, previously handled fully online — must attend an immigration office in person for a photo and interview after registering online at evisa.imigrasi.go.id; vulnerable groups are exempt from the online pre-steps. (2) The visa classification was re-issued under the new Ministry of Immigration and Corrections (Kepmen Imipas No. M.IP-08.GR.01.01/2025), now cited as a legal basis on the official E33G page; the E33G category and its core parameters are unchanged. (3) Permen Imipas No. 3/2025 (enacted 7 February 2025, in force 6 May 2025) partially revoked Permenkumham 22/2023, but only Articles 43, 45 and 52-55 (diaspora and family-of-citizen provisions); Article 63, which governs the E33G, is untouched, and the BPK official regulation database still lists Permenkumham 22/2023 as in force. (4) Tax-residency rules were re-codified in PER-23/PJ/2025, effective 9 December 2025; the 183-day rule is unchanged. The USD 60,000 income threshold, USD 2,000 funds requirement and Rp 7,000,000 fee all remain unchanged.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://evisa.imigrasi.go.id/front/faq/e076131c-0d39-469b-afaf-75fc66aff923", "title": "Official Indonesian eVisa - E33G General Information & FAQ (USD 60,000/yr income, USD 2,000/3-month bank statement, document checklist without insurance, Rp 7,000,000 cost, work prohibitions)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33G", "title": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi - E33G Visa Rumah Kedua Pekerja Jarak Jauh (PNBP fee components under PP 45/2024, Rp 7,000,000 1-year visa, requirements, legal basis incl. Kepmen Imipas M.IP-08.GR.01.01/2025)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/wna/daftar-visa-indonesia/E33G", "title": "Direktorat Jenderal Imigrasi - E33G page (online application via evisa.imigrasi.go.id, 5-working-day processing after payment, no sponsor, online extension and alih status conversion)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://jdih.sulbarprov.go.id/peraturan/PERMENKUMHAM-22-2023.pdf", "title": "Permenkumham No. 22/2023 on Visas and Stay Permits, Berita Negara 2023 No. 651 (Art. 63 E33G requirements, Art. 113(1) 6-year ITAS cap, Art. 33(2)(h) family unification)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.pajak.go.id/id/peraturan/penentuan-subjek-pajak-dalam-negeri-dan-subjek-pajak-luar-negeri-0", "title": "Direktorat Jenderal Pajak - Determination of domestic vs foreign tax subjects (PER-23/PJ/2025 effective 9 Dec 2025; >183 days in 12 months = domestic tax subject; worldwide income; partial days count as full)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.imigrasi.go.id/siaran_pers/tekan-angka-pelanggaran-keimigrasian-wna-wajib-ke-kantor-imigrasi-untuk-perpanjangan-izin-tinggal", "title": "Imigrasi press release - mandatory in-person photo and interview for stay-permit extensions effective 29 May 2025 (Circular IMI-417.GR.01.01/2025)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/details/272044/permenkumham-no-22-tahun-2023", "title": "BPK official regulation database - Permenkumham 22/2023 status: in force ('Berlaku'); amended by Permenkumham 11/2024; partially revoked by Permen Imipas 3/2025 (Arts. 43, 45, 52-55 only - Art. 63 untouched)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/316856/permen-imipas-no-3-tahun-2025", "title": "BPK official regulation database - Permen Imipas No. 3/2025 (Diaspora visas; enacted 7 Feb 2025, in force 6 May 2025; revokes only Arts. 43/45/52-55 of Permenkumham 22/2023)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html", "title": "ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates, 9 June 2026 (USD 1.1573, IDR 20,773.82) - basis for all EUR conversions", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/2024-0800-indonesia-implements-new-visa-for-remote-workers", "title": "EY Global Tax Alert - Indonesia implements new visa for remote workers (effective 1 April 2024; renewable for an additional year) - Tier 2, supports launch date and renewability interpretation only", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/the-rise-of-indonesias-remote-worker-visa-considerations-for-digital-nomads.html", "title": "Fragomen (2 July 2024) - The Rise of Indonesia's Remote Worker Visa (up to one year, extendable for an additional year, max ~2 years) - Tier 2 interpretation only", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "IT-DNV", "slug": "italy", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/italy/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Italy", "iso": "IT", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Visto per nomadi digitali e lavoratori da remoto (Decreto interministeriale 29 febbraio 2024, GU Serie Generale n. 79 del 4 aprile 2024)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-04-05", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2065.83, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 2065.83, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "yes", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 30000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 116, "application_location": [ "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 4, "processing_time_weeks_max": 18 }, "recent_changes": "No amendment to the 29 February 2024 implementing decree has appeared in official sources in the 12 months to June 2026; the core requirements (income at 3x the healthcare-exemption level, full-period health insurance with no statutory minimum, EUR 116 fee, 1-year renewable permit) remain unchanged. One post-level process change: the Toronto consulate has required in-person fingerprinting/biometrics for this visa since 11 January 2025. Italy's reformed tax-residency test (mere physical presence for 183/184 days) is now in force per the Agenzia delle Entrate. Media reports of new implementing guidelines gazetted in March 2026 and of 2026 budget-law incentives for digital nomads could not be corroborated in any government source and are not reflected here.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.gazzettaufficiale.it/eli/id/2024/04/04/24A01716/SG", "title": "Ministero dell'Interno - Decreto 29 febbraio 2024 (GU Serie Generale n. 79 del 04-04-2024) - landing page (renders metadata only; full text via GU issue PDF)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://piemonteimmigrazione.it/images/news_materiali/Decreto_Nomadi_digitali.pdf", "title": "Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 79/2024 pp. 5-8 - full text of the 29 Feb 2024 digital-nomad decree", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://consnewyork.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visas-to-enter-italy/digital-nomad-remote-worker-visa/", "title": "Consulate General of Italy in New York - Digital Nomad / Remote Worker Visa (EUR 24,789 income; EUR 30,000/USD 50,000 insurance)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://sistemats1.sanita.finanze.it/portale/it/esenzione-da-reddito", "title": "Sistema Tessera Sanitaria (MEF) - Esenzioni da reddito (base level EUR 8,263.31 re-confirmed)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://conslosangeles.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visa-type/digital-nomad-remote-worker-visa/", "title": "Consulate General of Italy in Los Angeles - Digital Nomad / Remote Worker Visa (EUR 30,000/USD 50,000 insurance incl. repatriation; qualification options)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://consparigi.esteri.it/it/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visto-per-nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto/", "title": "Consulate General of Italy in Paris - Visto per nomadi digitali e lavoratori da remoto (EUR 116 fee cash, 30/120-day processing)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://ambsingapore.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/digital-nomads-and-remote-workers/", "title": "Embassy of Italy in Singapore - Digital Nomads and Remote Workers (EUR 116 equivalent fee, 90/120-day processing, ~EUR 8,500 rounded base)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://constoronto.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visti-nazionali/visto-nazionale-per-nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto/", "title": "Consulate General of Italy in Toronto - Digital Nomad and Remote Worker National Visa (45-90 business days; biometrics since 11 Jan 2025)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://ambpristina.esteri.it/en/servizi-consolari-e-visti/servizi-per-il-cittadino-straniero/visti/visto-per-nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto/", "title": "Embassy of Italy in Pristina - Digital Nomad and Remote Worker Visa (rounded base EUR 8,500 -> EUR 25,500/year)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.agenziaentrate.gov.it/portale/regole-generali-per-persone-fisiche1", "title": "Agenzia delle Entrate - Residenza fiscale: regole generali per persone fisiche (183/184-day rule incl. mere physical presence; page updated 13 Jan 2026)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://integrazionemigranti.gov.it/it-it/Ricerca-news/Dettaglio-news/id/3736/Nomadi-digitali-e-lavoratori-da-remoto-ecco-le-regole", "title": "Portale Integrazione Migranti (Ministry of Labour) - Nomadi digitali e lavoratori da remoto: le regole (codice fiscale, partita IVA, INPS framework)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.salute.gov.it/new/it/tema/iscrizione-al-ssn/iscrizione-dei-cittadini-stranieri-al-servizio-sanitario-nazionale-ssn/", "title": "Ministero della Salute - Iscrizione dei cittadini stranieri al SSN (voluntary enrollment for permits >3 months against annual lump-sum contribution; no amount stated)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "JP-DN", "slug": "japan", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/japan/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Japan", "iso": "JP", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "JPY" }, "program_name_official": "Status of Residence \"Designated Activities\" for Digital Nomad (Designated Activities Notification No. 53; spouse/child under No. 54)", "program_short": "DN", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-03-31", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 833333, "currency": "JPY", "min_monthly_eur": 4500, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 6, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 53999, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 16.2, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "The core program rules - annual income of JPY 10 million, JPY 10 million in medical insurance cover, and the 6-month non-renewable stay - remain unchanged; the live ISA page matches the July 2024 Q&A. Within the last 12 months: Japan's Pre-Entry Tuberculosis Screening (a joint ISA/MOFA/MHLW guideline, revised 2025-02-19) explicitly covers Designated Activities No. 53/54 applicants who are nationals of the Philippines, Vietnam, Indonesia, Nepal, Myanmar and China. A TB Clearance Certificate is mandatory for Philippine and Nepalese nationals from 2025-06-23 and for Vietnamese nationals from 2025-09-01; start dates for Indonesia, Myanmar and China are still pending. Of the nationalities eligible for the nomad visa itself (No. 53), this directly affects Indonesia. Consular fee schedules were re-issued effective 2026-04-01 (for example, Detroit charges USD 20 for a standard single entry) and still correspond to the standard fee of about JPY 3,000. Some media reports claimed single-entry fees rose to about JPY 15,000 from 2026-04-01, but this conflicts with the official consular schedules and with MOFA's English and Japanese fee pages, which both still show about JPY 3,000; the official figure is used here. A reported March 2026 Cabinet bill to raise legal fee ceilings is pending legislation and has not been confirmed in official sources.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "title": "ISA - Status of Residence of 'Designated Activities' (for Digital Nomad / Spouse or child of Digital Nomad) - income, stay, application procedure", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/applications/status/designatedactivities53_00001.html", "title": "ISA Digital Nomad page - insurance requirement (private medical travel insurance, JPY 10M medical treatment cover, policy period = entire planned stay)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001417481.pdf", "title": "ISA outline PDF - Status of Residence for Digital Nomad (annual income >= JPY 10 million, 6 months within a year, insurance >= JPY 10M)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001422249.pdf", "title": "ISA Q&A on Digital Nomad Designated Activities (as of July 2024) - income assessment (A9), insurance purpose/coverage (A10), tax convention exemption (A7), no public insurance enrollment (A5/A10)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001416932.pdf", "title": "ISA chart of eligible countries/regions for Digital Nomad (No. 53, 51 countries/regions) and Spouse/Child (No. 54)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/ca/fna/pagewe_000001_00046.html", "title": "MOFA - Specified visa: Designated activities (Digital Nomad, Spouse or Child of Digital Nomad) - 6 months no extension, JPY 10M income proof, JPY 10M insurance proof, COE optional, embassy application", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.chicago.us.emb-japan.go.jp/Consular/visa/downloadable/nomad.pdf", "title": "Consulate-General of Japan in Chicago - Digital Nomad visa requirements (processing time 5 business days with COE / TBD without; single entry, 3-month validity)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/j_info/visit/visa/procedure/fee.html", "title": "MOFA (EN) - Visa Fees (approx. JPY 3,000 single entry, JPY 6,000 double/multiple, JPY 700 transit; exemptions by nationality/purpose; no fee if refused)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/toko/visa/tetsuzuki/tesuryou.html", "title": "MOFA (JA) - 査証手数料 visa fee page, fresh scrape confirming approx. JPY 3,000 single-entry standard fee still current", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.detroit.us.emb-japan.go.jp/itpr_ja/11_000001_00249.html", "title": "Consulate-General of Japan in Detroit - VISA FEES effective April 1, 2026 (standard single entry USD 20.00; exemption list) - refutes media claims of JPY 15,000 fee", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100818630.pdf", "title": "Guideline for Japan's Pre-Entry Tuberculosis Screening (ISA/MOFA/MHLW, 2024-12-26, revised 2025-02-19) - explicitly applies to Designated Activities Notifications No. 53/54; Philippines/Nepal mandatory from 2025-06-23, Vietnam from 2025-09-01, Indonesia/Myanmar/China to be scheduled", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.moj.go.jp/isa/content/001454248.pdf", "title": "ISA white paper data section - acceptance of digital nomads from 2024-03-31; requirements: visa-exempt + tax-convention nationality, annual income >= JPY 10M, max 6 months", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml", "title": "ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates - JPY 185.19 per EUR (2026-06-10)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/japan-digital-nomad-visa-now-available.html", "title": "Fragomen - Japan Digital Nomad Visa now available (states effective 2024-03-29)", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "KE-DNV", "slug": "kenya", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/kenya/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Kenya", "iso": "KE", "region": "africa", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "KES" }, "program_name_official": "Class N – Digital Nomad Work Permit (Kenya Citizenship and Immigration (Amendment) Regulations, 2024)", "program_short": "Class N Permit", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-10-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1850, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 185, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "Permit created by the Kenya Citizenship and Immigration (Amendment) Regulations, 2024 (Legal Notice No. 155, Kenya Gazette No. 179; in force 1 Oct 2024). The minimum-income requirement was originally gazetted at USD 55,000/year and was subsequently reduced to USD 24,000/year (USD 2,000/month) — reported as part of the December 2024 regulatory amendment (Legal Notice No. 198). Online applications via the Foreign Nationals Services (eFNS) portal opened around April 2025 (per CMS Law / EY). Treat the income threshold as not fully settled — some 2025-2026 guidance frames USD 24,000 as a stability benchmark rather than a hard floor — and verify with the Directorate of Immigration Services before relying on it.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://cms.law/en/ken/news-information/immigration-kenya-introduces-the-class-n-digital-nomad-permit", "title": "Kenya Introduces the Class N–Digital Nomad Permit (CMS Law)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://cms.law/en/ken/news-information/immigration-kenya-operationalises-new-permit-categories", "title": "Kenya Operationalises New Permit Categories (CMS Law)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/kenya-accepting-applications-for-the-new-digital-nomad-permit", "title": "Kenya accepting applications for the new Digital Nomad Permit (EY Tax Alert)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://njagaadvocates.com/understanding-the-class-n-digital-nomad-permit-in-kenya/", "title": "Understanding the Class N (Digital Nomad) Permit in Kenya (Njaga & Co. Advocates)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.wka.co.ke/kenyas-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Introduction of the Digital Nomad Permit in Kenya (WKA Advocates)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.wka.co.ke/the-kenya-citizenship-and-immigration-amendment-regulations-2024/", "title": "The Kenya Citizenship and Immigration (Amendment) Regulations, 2024 — Legal Notice 155 / Gazette 179 (WKA Advocates)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.afriwise.com/blog/understanding-the-class-n-digital-nomad-work-permit-in-kenya", "title": "Understanding the Class N (Digital Nomad) Work Permit in Kenya (Afriwise)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://otienoaballahadvocates.com/digital-nomad-visa-in-kenya/", "title": "Kenya Digital Nomad Visa: Eligibility & Application Process (Otieno Aballah Advocates)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/kenya-digital-nomad-visa-introduced-further-details-forthcoming.html", "title": "Kenya: Digital Nomad Visa Introduced, Further Details Forthcoming (Fragomen)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/kenya/individual/residence", "title": "Kenya — Individual Residence (PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries): 183-day / 122-day tests, worldwide income for residents", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://fns.immigration.go.ke", "title": "Kenya Foreign Nationals Services (eFNS) portal – Directorate of Immigration Services", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.health.go.ke/kenya-officially-launch-social-health-authority-october-1-2024", "title": "Kenya to Officially Launch Social Health Authority on October 1, 2024 (Ministry of Health)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "LV-DNV", "slug": "latvia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/latvia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Latvia", "iso": "LV", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Long-stay visa for remote work", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-02-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 4213, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 4213, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "special_regime", "regime_name": "Optional 15% PIT for OECD digital-nomad-visa holders", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 42600, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 90, "application_location": [ "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "Income threshold updated by PMLP to EUR 4,213 (Feb 2026); state fee for the category-D long-stay visa updated to EUR 90 (Mar 2026).", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/en/article/obtaining-long-stay-visa-remote-work", "title": "Obtaining a long-stay visa for remote work — Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs (PMLP)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.pmlp.gov.lv/en/state-fees-issuance-visa-and-services-related-thereto-0", "title": "PMLP — State fees for issuance of a visa (category D: EUR 90)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "MY-DERANTAU", "slug": "malaysia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/malaysia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Malaysia", "iso": "MY", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "MYR" }, "program_name_official": "DE Rantau Nomad Pass (Professional Visit Pass / PLIK)", "program_short": "DE Rantau", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1725, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 182 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "unspecified", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 202, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 6, "processing_time_weeks_max": 8 }, "recent_changes": "Effective 1 May 2025, the processing fee is non-refundable for all outcomes.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.mdec.my/derantau", "title": "DE Rantau | MDEC", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.mdec.my/static/pdf/derantau/251105_DE%20Rantau_Pass_FAQ_V8.pdf", "title": "DE Rantau Nomad Pass FAQ V8 (MDEC) — payments, tax", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.mdec.my/static/pdf/derantau/251105%20Mandatory%20Documents%20for%20Remote%20Worker%20Final%20v1.pdf", "title": "Mandatory Documents for Remote Worker (MDEC) — Medical Insurance", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "MT-NRP", "slug": "malta", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/malta/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Malta", "iso": "MT", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Nomad Residence Permit", "program_short": "NRP", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-06-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3500, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3500, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 48, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "special_regime", "regime_name": "Nomad Residence Permits (Income Tax) Rules (S.L. 123.210)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 100000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 300, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 6, "processing_time_weeks_max": 6 }, "recent_changes": "Minimum gross income raised to EUR 42,000/year (from EUR 32,400) for applications on or after 1 April 2024.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://nomad.residencymalta.gov.mt/nomad-eligibility/", "title": "Eligibility — Nomad Residence Permit (Residency Malta Agency)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://nomad.residencymalta.gov.mt/topic/tax/", "title": "Tax — Nomad Residence Permit (Residency Malta Agency)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://legislation.mt/eli/sl/123.210/eng", "title": "S.L. 123.210 Nomad Residence Permits (Income Tax) Rules (Laws of Malta)", "authority_type": "gazette" } ] }, { "id": "MU-PREMIUM", "slug": "mauritius", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/mauritius/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Mauritius", "iso": "MU", "region": "africa", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "MUR" }, "program_name_official": "Premium Visa (Mauritius)", "program_short": "Premium Visa", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2020-11-16", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 1500, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1292, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 1292 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Remittance basis (Premium Visa holders)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 0, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 8 }, "recent_changes": "No change to the Premium Visa rules in 2025-2026: USD 1,500/month per adult applicant (+USD 500/child under 24), one-year renewable validity, and the fee-free online process all remain as published in the EDB FAQ (current FAQ dated November 2023). Note: a USD 50 fee that residency.mu flags from 1 December 2025 applies to separate Occupation / Retired Residence Permits, NOT to the Premium Visa, which the EDB still issues free of charge. A '10-year Premium Travel Visa' label sometimes seen online conflates the program with a 10-year residence permit available on property purchase >= USD 375,000; the active remote-work route is the renewable one-year Premium Visa administered by the EDB and the Passport & Immigration Office.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://edbmauritius.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/FAQs-Premium-Visa.pdf", "title": "Stay in Mauritius under Premium Visa - FAQs (Economic Development Board, Nov 2023): income USD 1500/adult + USD 500/child, validity, free of charge, insurance, taxation/remittance, no local labour market", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://passport.govmu.org/passport/?page_id=595", "title": "Premium Visa - Passport and Immigration Office (Government of Mauritius): one year renewable, free of cost", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://news.edbmauritius.org/2021-january-the-new-premium-visa/", "title": "The New Premium Visa - EDB Mauritius newsletter: launch 16 Nov 2020, free of charge, travel and health insurance, validity", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://residency.mu/live/mauritius-premium-visa/", "title": "Mauritius Premium Visa - Residency in Mauritius: validity, free of charge, insurance, remittance-basis tax, no entry into labour market, separate USD 50 fee for Occupation/Residence Permits from Dec 2025", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.ibn.co.za/mauritius/premium-visa/", "title": "Mauritius Premium Visa - IBN Immigration Solutions: USD 1,500/month, not automatically tax resident, no local employment", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://wts.com/global/publishing-article/20240711-mauritius-taxation-of-individuals-under-the-remittance-rules~publishing-article", "title": "Mauritius: Taxation of Individuals under the Remittance Rules (WTS): 183/270-day residency, remittance basis, foreign credit-card spending not a remittance (Dilloo case)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/mauritius/", "title": "Mauritius Premium Visa - Citizen Remote: income tiers USD 1,500 / 3,000 / +500, processing time, online application", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.harmonie.mu/en/newsroom/news/understanding-healthcare-system-mauritius", "title": "Understanding the Healthcare System in Mauritius - guide for non-residents", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "MX-RT", "slug": "mexico", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/mexico/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Mexico", "iso": "MX", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "MXN" }, "program_name_official": "Visa de Residente Temporal por Solvencia Económica (condición de estancia de Residente Temporal)", "program_short": "RT", "visa_type": "other", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": 79770.8, "currency": "MXN", "min_monthly_eur": 3955, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 66656 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 48, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "limited" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "no", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": null, "types_accepted": [] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 48.5, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 0.2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 2 }, "recent_changes": "Four changes in the last 12 months. (1) Entirely new visa Lineamientos were published in the DOF on 25 July 2025 (in force 15 natural days later, around 9 August 2025), abrogating the rules of 10 October 2014 (Transitorio Segundo) and re-basing the economic-solvency thresholds on UMA days: income of 680 UMA-days per month over 6 months, or a balance of 11,460 UMA-days over 12 months, plus 220 UMA-days per dependent; consulates updated their USD checklists for 2026 accordingly. (2) INM government fees rose sharply from 1 January 2026 under the Ley Federal de Derechos: the official INM 2026 fee table lists the 1-year temporary resident card at MXN 11,141, with a 50% reduced tier (MXN 5,570) for the job-offer, family-unit and invitation categories per LFD Art. 8, last paragraph; law firm Clark Hill reports the 2025 fee was MXN 5,328, an increase of about 109%. (3) The UMA rose 3.69% to MXN 117.31 per day effective 1 February 2026 (INEGI). (4) An Acuerdo published in the DOF evening edition of 15 May 2026 (in force 16 May 2026) reformed the Lineamientos: it adds a new residence route to Trámite 5 for high-specialty technical assistance and knowledge transfer in strategic projects (unpaid, requiring a responsibility letter from the Mexican host entity and a knowledge-transfer programme), requires job-offer letters under Trámite 10 to state the work modality (in-person, remote or mixed) and location, and expressly prohibits consular authorities from requesting requirements beyond the Ley, Reglamento and Lineamientos. The economic-solvency requirements were not modified, and the consular visa fee remains USD 56 per the 2026 checklists.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5763837&fecha=25/07/2025", "title": "DOF 25/07/2025 - Lineamientos Generales para la expedicion de visas (SEGOB/SRE) - Trámite 5: 680/11,460/220 UMA-days, 180-day visa, 10 business days, max 4 years", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5763837&fecha=25/07/2025", "title": "DOF 25/07/2025 - Lineamientos", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://sidof.segob.gob.mx/notas/5787660", "title": "DOF 15/05/2026 (edicion vespertina) - Acuerdo que reforma y adiciona los Lineamientos: new high-specialty route in Trámite 5, remote-work modality in Trámite 10, consulates barred from extra requirements; solvency thresholds unchanged", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/saladeprensa/boletines/2026/uma/uma2026.pdf", "title": "INEGI Comunicado de Prensa 1/26 - UMA 2026: MXN 117.31 daily, effective 1 Feb 2026", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/lasvegas/images/2026/VISAS2026/TemporaryResidenceVisa2026", "title": "Consulate of Mexico in Las Vegas - Temporary Residence Visa 2026 (USD 4,630 income/6mo, 78,025 balance/12mo, USD 56 fee, family USD 1,498, 1-10 business days; no insurance)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/sandiego/images/visasingles2026/5a_Temporary_Resident_Visa_-_Economic_Solvency.pdf", "title": "Consulate General of Mexico in San Diego - Temporary Resident Visa Economic Solvency 2026 (USD 4,510/75,950, remote-work employer letter, USD 56 fee, up to 10 business days; no insurance)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/espana/index.php/visas/5-secconsular/catavisos/540-residente-temporal-por-solvencia-economica", "title": "Embassy of Mexico in Spain - Residente temporal por solvencia economica (680/11,460 UMA-days, 180-day visa, 30-day canje, up to 4 years; no insurance mentioned)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inm/articulos/tarifas-de-derechos-migratorios-2026?idiom=es", "title": "INM - Tarifas de Derechos Migratorios 2026", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gob.mx/inm/documentos/preguntas-frecuentes-para-expedicion-de-documento-migratorio-por-canje", "title": "INM FAQ - Expedicion de documento migratorio por canje (1-year card from entry; same-day issuance possible; fee figures in FAQ are outdated and superseded by the 2026 table)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inm.gob.mx/static/Tramites/cambio_residente_temporal-residente_permanente.pdf", "title": "INM - Cambio de residente temporal a residente permanente (eligible after 4 years as temporary resident; also points system and pensioner routes)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/CFF.pdf", "title": "Camara de Diputados - Codigo Fiscal de la Federacion (texto vigente, ultima reforma DOF 09-04-2026), Art. 9: tax residency via casa habitacion / centro de intereses vitales (>50% Mexican-source income or main professional centre)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/policy_and_exchange_rates/euro_reference_exchange_rates/html/index.en.html", "title": "ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates, 10 June 2026 (USD 1.1539, MXN 20.1688)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.clarkhill.com/news-events/news/mexico-increases-government-fees-for-immigration-procedures-effective-january-1-2026/", "title": "Clark Hill - Mexico increases government fees effective 1 Jan 2026", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "ME-DNV", "slug": "montenegro", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/montenegro/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Montenegro", "iso": "ME", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Temporary residence permit for a digital nomad (boravak na osnovu rada na daljinu / \"digital nomad\" privremeni boravak)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "rules_changing", "launch_date": "2022-11-28", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 1800, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 1800, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 48, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Digital-nomad foreign-income exemption (Personal Income Tax Law; commonly cited as Art. 32d)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 30000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 47, "application_location": [ "in_country", "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 6, "processing_time_weeks_max": 8 }, "recent_changes": "CRITICAL: The digital-nomad programme was created as a time-limited measure scheduled to run only until 31 December 2026. As of mid-June 2026 (sources dated 24 May 2026) the Montenegrin government had NOT officially confirmed an extension, modification or successor programme. Applications submitted and approved before 31 Dec 2026 are expected to be honoured under current rules, but new-applicant availability and renewal mechanics beyond that date are unclarified; because processing takes ~2 months, practitioners advise submitting by ~Oct 2026 to fall within the current window. Separately, the EUR income threshold has effectively risen because Montenegro raised and split its statutory minimum wage (dual ~EUR 670 / EUR 800 net structure since Sept 2024); the 3x-minimum-wage formula now implies roughly EUR 1,800-2,400/month rather than the older ~EUR 1,350/month still quoted by some outdated guides.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://digitalnomads.gov.me/", "title": "Digital Nomads - Government of Montenegro official portal", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://digitalnomads.gov.me/article/legal-status-for-nomads", "title": "Legal status for nomads - digitalnomads.gov.me (Law on Foreigners; eligibility = foreign employer / own company not registered in Montenegro; up-to-2-year permit extendable 2 more years; ~40-day decision; in-person MUP application; health insurance required document)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/montenegro-digital-nomad-permit-visa-pathways-available.html", "title": "Montenegro: Digital Nomad Permit, Visa Pathways Available - Fragomen (2y + 2y validity, max 4y, 6-month re-apply rule, D-visa route, foreign-company work only)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.jpm.law/montenegro-digital-nomads-obtaining-permits/", "title": "Montenegro - Digital Nomads obtaining Residence Permits - JPM & Partners (legal basis Off. Gazette 12/18, 3/19, 86/22; 3x-minimum-wage income test over prior year; 40-day processing; 6-month cooldown)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/montenegro/", "title": "Montenegro Digital Nomad Visa - Citizen Remote (3x minimum wage; older ~EUR 1,350 figure [outdated]; government fees EUR 60-100; tax residency 183 days; in-country MUP / diplomatic mission)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://iworld.com/en/blog/montenegro-digital-nomad-visa-how-to-apply-in-current_year", "title": "Montenegro Digital Nomad Visa in 2026 - iWorld (3x minimum wage = EUR 1,800-2,400 via EUR 600/800 split; residence-permit fee EUR 47, extension EUR 27, visa EUR 35; ~2-month processing; Art. 32d PIT foreign-income exemption; programme ends 31 Dec 2026, no confirmed successor)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.relocationmontenegro.com/montenegro-digital-nomad-visa", "title": "Montenegro Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Tax, Cost, Expiry (income EUR 1,800-2,400; EUR 30,000 insurance minimum; ~EUR 67 government fee; 0% tax on foreign income; ~40-day decision; programme to 31 Dec 2026, no extension announced as of 24 May 2026)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://take-profit.org/en/statistics/wages/montenegro/", "title": "Montenegro Wages 2026 - Take-profit.org (statutory minimum wage; dual structure ~EUR 670 / EUR 800 net since Sept 2024, basis for the 3x income formula)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://immigrantinvest.com/blog/taxes-in-montenegro/", "title": "Taxes in Montenegro 2026 - Immigrant Invest (183-day tax-residency rule; progressive PIT 9-15%; digital-nomad foreign-income treatment)", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "NA-DNV", "slug": "namibia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/namibia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Namibia", "iso": "NA", "region": "africa", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "NAD" }, "program_name_official": "Namibia Digital Nomad Visa", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-10", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1720, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 6, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 175, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "No change in the core program since its 2022 launch - still 6 months, non-renewable, USD 2,000/month, foreign-income only. The current official NIPDB fee is NAD 3,300; older/secondary write-ups still quote lower figures (NAD ~1,100-2,200 / ~USD 62-124), so the fee appears to have been revised upward over time. Namibia's Cabinet has approved a Universal Health Coverage policy (in progress, not yet enacted), which does not change DNV insurance requirements but is relevant healthcare context.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nipdb.com/digital-nomad-visa", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa - Namibia Investment Promotion and Development Board (NIPDB)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.nipdb.com/digital-nomad-visa", "title": "NIPDB Digital Nomad Visa - income thresholds (USD 2,000 / 1,000 / 500), 6-month non-renewable, NAD 3,300 fee, required documents", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.nipdb.com/digital-nomad-visa", "title": "NIPDB Digital Nomad Visa - insurance requirement (valid international health and travel insurance for duration of stay)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/namibia-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Namibia Digital Nomad Visa - Citizen Remote (launch Oct 2022, email application, income via payslips/contracts not savings)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/namibias-digital-nomad-visa-nomads-namibian-tax-hugo-van-den-heever", "title": "Namibia's Digital Nomad Visa and the Nomads' Namibian tax implications - Hugo van den Heever (tax practitioner; source-based tax, DTA list)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://freakingnomads.com/namibia-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Namibia Digital Nomad Visa: Benefits, Requirements & Apply - Freaking Nomads (processing time ~2-4 weeks, non-renewable, 12-month reapply rule, email application)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.abtglobal.com/insights/impact-briefs/universal-health-coverage-on-the-horizon-in-namibia", "title": "Universal Health Coverage on the Horizon in Namibia - Abt Global (public ~80% coverage, private ~20%)", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://p4h.world/en/news/cabinet-approves-universal-health-cover-policy-in-namibia/", "title": "Cabinet approves universal health cover policy in Namibia - P4H Network", "authority_type": "intl_org" } ] }, { "id": "NL-DAFT", "slug": "netherlands", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/netherlands/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Netherlands", "iso": "NL", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Residence permit for self-employed person under the Dutch-American Friendship Treaty (DAFT)", "program_short": "DAFT", "visa_type": "freelance", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 4500 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": "Possible 30% ruling (if eligible)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "local_mandatory", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 423, "application_location": [ "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": null, "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://ind.nl/en/residence-permits/work/residence-permit-self-employed-person", "title": "Residence permit self-employed person | IND", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://ind.nl/en/forms/7524.pdf", "title": "IND form 7524 — self-employed (DAFT code 453 / Dutch-Japanese treaty 510)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://ind.nl/en/fees-costs-of-an-application", "title": "Fees — IND (self-employed incl. DAFT: EUR 423)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "NO-IC", "slug": "norway", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/norway/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Norway", "iso": "NO", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": true, "currency": "NOK" }, "program_name_official": "Residence permit for self-employed persons (sole proprietor), Immigration Regulations §6-18 — Norway has no dedicated digital-nomad visa for the mainland; Svalbard is visa-free under the 1920 Svalbard Treaty", "program_short": "Self-employed permit (+ Svalbard route)", "visa_type": "freelance", "status": "active", "launch_date": null, "income": { "min_monthly_original": 27117, "currency": "NOK", "min_monthly_eur": 2453, "basis": "freelance", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "public_enrollment", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 570, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 8, "processing_time_weeks_max": 24 }, "recent_changes": "National Insurance basic amount (G), to which the self-employed subsistence level is pegged, rose from NOK 130,160 to NOK 136,549 on 1 May 2026 (+4.91%, confirmed by DLA Piper / Lexology); UDI typically re-states the self-employed income threshold each May, so the NOK 325,400 figure (dated May 2025) is expected to be revised upward, but UDI had not yet published a separate post-May-2026 self-employed figure at the time of review. Skilled-worker minimum salaries were also raised in 2025. No new dedicated digital-nomad visa for mainland Norway has been announced.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.udi.no/en/want-to-apply/work-immigration/", "title": "Want to apply: Work immigration — UDI (Norwegian Directorate of Immigration)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/fees/", "title": "Fees — UDI (work residence permit for applicants over 18: NOK 6,300, incl. renewals)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/svalbard/", "title": "Svalbard — visa and residence requirements — UDI", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.sysselmesteren.no/en/visas-and-immigration/", "title": "Visas and immigration — Governor of Svalbard (Sysselmesteren)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.udi.no/en/word-definitions/requirement-to-financially-support-yourself-in-order-to-get-a-permanent-residence-permit/", "title": "Requirement to financially support yourself for permanent residence (NOK 341,373) — UDI", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.skatteetaten.no/en/person/taxes/get-the-taxes-right/abroad/tax-residence-in-norway-when-moving-to-or-from-norway/", "title": "Tax residence in Norway when moving to or from Norway (183/270-day rule) — Norwegian Tax Administration (Skatteetaten)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/norway/individual/residence", "title": "Norway — Individual — Residence — PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://reinholdt.no/self-employed-visa/", "title": "How to Obtain a Visa as a Self-Employed in Norway (NOK 325,400/yr, May 2025; own-business-only) — Reinholdt Advokatfirma AS", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.lawyernorway.no/articles/residence-permits-for-self-employed-persons-in-norway-requirements-and-application-process", "title": "Residence permits for self-employed persons in Norway — Sterk Law Firm", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://knowledge.dlapiper.com/dlapiperknowledge/globalemploymentlatestdevelopments/2026/update-of-the-norwegian-national-insurance-basic-amount-", "title": "Update of the Norwegian National Insurance basic amount (G) — NOK 130,160 → 136,549 from 1 May 2026 — DLA Piper", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.norden.org/en/info-norden/moving-or-travelling-svalbard", "title": "Moving or travelling to Svalbard — Info Norden (Nordic Council of Ministers)", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://www.oslo.kommune.no/english/welcome-to-oslo/healthcare-welfare/welfare-system/", "title": "The Norwegian welfare system — healthcare and welfare — City of Oslo", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/norway/individual/taxes-on-personal-income", "title": "Norway — Individual — Taxes on personal income (22% general + trinnskatt brackets) — PwC", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "PA-REMOTE", "slug": "panama", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/panama/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Panama", "iso": "PA", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "USD" }, "program_name_official": "Visa de Corta Estancia como Trabajador Remoto (Short Stay Visa as a Remote Worker)", "program_short": "Remote Worker Visa", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-05-20", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 2580, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 9, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 18, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 215, "application_location": [ "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 6, "processing_time_weeks_max": 9 }, "recent_changes": "No substantive changes to the remote-worker visa since Executive Decree 198 entered into force (signed 7 May 2021, published in Official Gazette No. 29290-A on 20 May 2021). Panama's 2024 immigration reforms (Oct 2024) addressed restricted-nationality visas, regularization fines, residence-permit renewal deadlines and penalties, but did not amend Decree 198 or the remote-worker visa's income, duration or fees. The official Servicio Nacional de Migracion requirements sheet read in June 2026 still reflects the original Decree 198 figures (B/.36,000/yr, B/.3,000/month, B/.250 + B/.50 carne, 9 months prorrogable once).", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.migracion.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/18.REQUISITOS-PARA-SOLICITAR-VISA-DE-CORTA-ESTANCIA-COMO-TRABAJADOR-REMOTO.pdf", "title": "Requisitos para solicitar Visa de Corta Estancia como Trabajador Remoto (Servicio Nacional de Migracion, official requirements sheet citing Decreto Ejecutivo 198 de 2021)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gacetaoficial.gob.pa/pdfTemp/29290_A/GacetaNo_29290a_20210520.pdf", "title": "Gaceta Oficial Digital No. 29290-A, 20 de mayo de 2021 (publication of Decreto Ejecutivo 198)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.propanama.gob.pa/visa-para-nomadas-digitales/", "title": "Visa para Nomadas Digitales - PROPANAMA (official investment-promotion authority)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://chambers.com/articles/panama-short-stay-visa-as-a-remote-worker", "title": "Panama: Short stay visa as a remote worker", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://kraemerlaw.com/en/articles/visa-for-remote-workers-digital-nomads-executive-decree-198-of-may-7-2021/", "title": "Visa for Remote Workers (Digital Nomads): Executive Decree 198 of May 7, 2021", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://morimor.com/short-stay-visa-as-a-remote-worker-digital-nomad/", "title": "Short Stay Visa as a Remote Worker (Digital Nomad) - Morgan & Morgan", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://kraemerlaw.com/en/immigration/panama-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Panama Digital Nomad Visa - Kraemer & Kraemer", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.limitlesslegal.com/en-us/blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-short-stay-visa-for-remote-workers-in-panama", "title": "Requirements and Process for the Remote Worker Visa in Panama", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://immigrantinvest.com/blog/panama-tax-rate/", "title": "Panama Tax Rate Guide 2026: Income, Property and Local Taxes Explained", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.paralelaw.com/en/blog/2024-immigration-reforms-panama/", "title": "2024 Immigration Reforms in Panama: Updated Entry Rules, Fines, and Deadlines", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/usd-eur-2026", "title": "US Dollar (USD) to Euro (EUR) Exchange Rate History for 2026", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "PH-DNV", "slug": "philippines", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/philippines/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Philippines", "iso": "PH", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "PHP" }, "program_name_official": "Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) — Executive Order No. 86, s. 2025", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "rules_changing", "launch_date": "2025-04-24", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": false, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 180 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": null, "application_location": [ "embassy", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "EO 86 was signed 24 April 2025 and took effect on publication (~May 2025), with implementing guidelines directed to be issued and a pilot to follow. As of mid-2026, the legal framework is in force and applications are reportedly facilitated by the DFA together with the Bureau of Immigration via Philippine Foreign Service Posts (apply at the nearest post if the applicant's country has no PH FSP), but the income threshold, fees, processing times and full consular checklist remain UNPUBLISHED in any official government issuance verifiable at research time. Numeric figures circulating online (e.g. USD 24,000/year income, ~USD 200 fee, 4–6 week processing) are media estimates, not confirmed by an official source, and are inconsistent across sources.", "data_confidence": "low", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://lawphil.net/executive/execord/eo2025/eo_86_2025.html", "title": "Executive Order No. 86, s. 2025 — Authorizing the Issuance of Digital Nomad Visas (full text)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/5/98965", "title": "Executive Order No. 86 — Authorizing the Issuance of Digital Nomad Visa — Supreme Court E-Library", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2025/04/24/executive-order-no-86-s-2025/", "title": "Executive Order No. 86, s. 2025 — Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://pco.gov.ph/news_releases/pbbm-allows-issuance-of-dnvs-to-non-immigrant-aliens/", "title": "PBBM allows issuance of DNVs to non-immigrant aliens — Presidential Communications Office", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/philippines/individual/residence", "title": "Philippines — Individual — Residence (180-day NRA-ETB vs NRA-NETB threshold)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/philippines/individual/income-determination", "title": "Philippines — Individual — Income determination (aliens taxed on Philippine-source income only; services rendered in PH are PH-source)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/philippines-digital-nomad-visa-program-forthcoming.html", "title": "Philippines: Digital Nomad Visa Program Forthcoming — Fragomen", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.ey.com/en_gl/technical/tax-alerts/philippines-announces-new-digital-nomad-visa", "title": "Philippines announces new Digital Nomad Visa — EY Tax Alert", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=3fc6da7d-9ad9-4b6d-a3c6-c168fb1f3e22", "title": "The Philippines Opens Doors to Remote Workers With Digital Nomad Visa — Lexology", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://altery.com/guides/personal/philippines-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Philippines Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Status & Requirements — Altery (cautions that income figures are unofficial)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/philippines-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Philippines Digital Nomad Visa (2026) — Citizen Remote", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.pacificprime.com/blog/health-insurance-philippines-foreigners.html", "title": "Health Insurance in the Philippines for Foreigners / PhilHealth eligibility — Pacific Prime", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "PT-D8", "slug": "portugal", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/portugal/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Portugal", "iso": "PT", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Visto de residência para o exercício de atividade profissional prestada de forma remota para fora do território nacional (Visto D8)", "program_short": "D8", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-10-30", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3680, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3680, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 24, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "yes", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "unspecified", "types_accepted": [ "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 110, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": 8.6 }, "recent_changes": "Within the last 12 months: (1) The minimum wage (RMMG) rose to EUR 920 on 1 Jan 2026 (PCM Regulatory Decree n.º 139/2025 of 29 Dec 2025, cited on the MFA means-of-subsistence page), lifting the D8 income threshold to EUR 3,680/month and the base subsistence reference to EUR 920. (2) Lei n.º 61/2025 of 22 Oct 2025 (in force 23 Oct 2025) amended Law 23/2007: family reunification now generally requires a residence permit valid for at least 2 years (Art. 98(1)); spouses and partners with at least 18 months' cohabitation before the sponsor's entry face a reduced 15-month period (Art. 98(2)) — a reduction, not an exemption; full exemptions apply to dependent minors and incapacitated persons, co-parent spouses, and family of highly-qualified or teaching permit holders under Arts. 90/90-A/121-A (Art. 98(3)). The reunification decision deadline was set at 9 months (Art. 105(1)), the job-seeker visa was recast as a visa for qualified work search (Arts. 45(f), 57-A), CPLP nationals now need a residence visa to request a CPLP residence permit in-country (Arts. 75(2), 87-A(1)), and a 180-day transitional window allowed in-country family applications. The gazette text confirms that Art. 61-B (the D8 visa) and its income formula were not amended. (3) Lei Orgânica n.º 1/2026 of 18 May 2026 (in force the following day) raised the naturalization residence requirement to 10 years, or 7 years for nationals of Portuguese-speaking (CPLP) countries and EU member states; pending applications follow the old rules (Art. 7(2)). The prior rule counting residence from the date of the permit application (old Art. 15(4)) was revoked, and periods of legal residence (consecutive or not) now aggregate only within a maximum window of 12 years (9 for CPLP/EU citizens, 6 for stateless persons). Permanent residence after 5 years of temporary residence is unchanged (AIMA, Art. 80).", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/residency", "title": "MFA Visa Portal - Residency visas: necessary documentation (digital nomads income formula, insurance wording, document list)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/means-of-subsistence", "title": "MFA Visa Portal - Means of subsistence (RMMG 2026 = EUR 920 per PCM Regulatory Decree 139/2025 of 29 Dec; family scale 100/50/30%)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://islamabad.embaixadaportugal.mne.gov.pt/images/temporary_national_checklists/national_visa_eng/d9_new_en.pdf", "title": "Embassy of Portugal in Islamabad - Residency visa for remote work 'Digital Nomads' official checklist (04.07.2025): travel insurance, 4x minimum wage income, tax residence certificate, CPLP exemptions", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/necessary-documentation/travel-insurance", "title": "MFA Visa Portal - Travel Insurance subpage (verified empty of substantive content; no minimum coverage published)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/general-information/fees", "title": "MFA Visa Portal - National visa fees (EUR 110; appeal EUR 75)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://aima.gov.pt/documents/tabela-de-taxas-e-demais-encargos-a-cobrar-pelos-procedimentos-administrativos.pdf", "title": "AIMA - Tabela de Taxas (residence-permit fees: EUR 133.00 reception/analysis; EUR 114.30 grant/renewal of temporary AR, Art. 75(1))", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/general-information/deadlines", "title": "MFA Visa Portal - Decision deadlines (residency visa: 60 days)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://vistos.mne.gov.pt/en/national-visas/general-information/type-of-visa", "title": "MFA Visa Portal - Type of visa (residency visa: 4 months, two entries, AIMA permit application; digital nomads listed)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://aima.gov.pt/pt/trabalhar/autorizacao-de-residencia-para-o-exercicio-de-atividade-profissional-prestada-de-forma-remota-com-visto-de-residencia-para-o-exe", "title": "AIMA - Autorizacao de Residencia, atividade remota 'Nomadas Digitais' (Art. 88(1) REPSAE): 2-year permit, 3-year renewals, document list without insurance, Art. 198 offence", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://aima.gov.pt/pt/viver/autorizacao-de-residencia-permanente-art-80-o", "title": "AIMA - Autorizacao de Residencia Permanente, Art. 80 REPSAE (5 years of temporary residence, A2 Portuguese, 5-yearly title renewal)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://files.diariodarepublica.pt/1s/2025/10/20400/0000900017.pdf", "title": "Diario da Republica - Lei n.º 61/2025, de 22 de outubro (full text: family reunification Arts. 98/101/105, qualified job-seeker visa Art. 57-A, CPLP Arts. 75/87-A; Art. 61-B not amended)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/lei-organica/1-2026-1123539996", "title": "Diario da Republica - Lei Organica n.º 1/2026, de 18 de maio (Nationality Law: 7-year naturalization for CPLP/EU nationals, 10 years others; pending cases under old rules)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www2.gov.pt/en/noticias/lei-dos-estrangeiros-pedidos-de-vistos-e-autorizacao-de-residencia-vao-ser-mais-simples", "title": "gov.pt news - Foreigners Act changes creating the remote-work (digital nomad) visa, effective 30 Oct 2022, with 4x-minimum-wage income rule", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/topics/policy-issue-focus/aeoi/portugal-tax-residency.pdf", "title": "Portugal - Information on residency for tax purposes (Tax and Customs Authority via OECD AEOI portal; Art. 16 CIRS, 183-day and habitual-home rules)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.pwc.pt/en/services/tax/individuals-taxation/tax-incentive-for-scientific-research-and-innovation-nhr-2-0.html", "title": "PwC Portugal - Tax incentive for scientific research and innovation IFICI (NHR 2.0): 20% rate, foreign-income exemption except pensions/tax havens, 10-year duration, eligible activities (Tier 2)", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "RO-DNV", "slug": "romania", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/romania/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Romania", "iso": "RO", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "RON" }, "program_name_official": "Long-stay visa for other purposes — Digital Nomad (D/AS), introduced by Law no. 22/2022", "program_short": "Digital Nomad Visa (DNV)", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-01-17", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 27816, "currency": "RON", "min_monthly_eur": 5310, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 36, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": false, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "exempt_foreign", "regime_name": "Digital nomad tax exemption (Law no. 69/2023)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 30000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 120, "application_location": [ "embassy", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 9 }, "recent_changes": "The income threshold tracks the INS average gross monthly salary, which has risen steadily; at the INS Feb-2026 figure (RON 9,272) the 3x requirement is RON ~27,816 (~EUR 5,300), substantially higher than the ~EUR 3,300-3,700 cited at launch. The tax-exemption framework was formalised by Law no. 69/2023 (in force from 2023). No change found to the EUR 30,000 insurance floor or the EUR 120 long-stay (type D) visa fee as of June 2026. The EUR 120 fee is corroborated by the EU Immigration Portal ('the application fee for requesting a long-term visa is 120 euros').", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://igi.mai.gov.ro/en/other-purposes/", "title": "IGI (General Inspectorate for Immigration) — Long-stay visa for other purposes (incl. digital nomads): insurance EUR 30,000, residence 1 year, 30-day decision", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://igi.mai.gov.ro/informare-privind-viza-de-lunga-sedere-pentru-alte-scopuri/", "title": "IGI — Informare privind viza de lunga sedere pentru alte scopuri: '...cel putin trei ori castigul salarial mediu brut lunar din Romania'", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/policies/migration-and-asylum/eu-immigration-portal/international-service-provider-romania_en", "title": "EU Immigration Portal — Romania long-term visa: fee EUR 120, residence 1 year, decision within 60 days", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://www.noerr.com/en/insights/romania-tax-exemptions-for-digital-nomads", "title": "Noerr — Romania: Tax exemptions for digital nomads (Law 69/2023, Official Gazette 265/30-Mar-2023, 183-day rule)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.romaniaexperience.com/minimum-and-average-salary-in-romania/", "title": "Romania Experience — Romania salaries 2026 (INS avg gross monthly wage ~RON 9,272, Feb 2026)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/eur-ron-2026-06-05", "title": "Exchange-Rates.org — EUR/RON ~5.236 (June 2026), basis for income EUR conversion", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://romanianlawoffice.com/romania-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Romanian Law Office — Romania Digital Nomad Visa (Law 22/2022)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.romaniaexperience.com/romania-digital-nomad-visa-full-guide/", "title": "Romania Experience — Digital Nomad Visa full guide 2026 (income ~EUR 5,600, EUR 30,000 insurance, ~36-month total)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "RS-DNV", "slug": "serbia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/serbia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Serbia", "iso": "RS", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "RSD" }, "program_name_official": "Temporary residence permit (privremeni boravak) under the Law on Foreigners — used by remote workers via the self-employment / \"other grounds (independent stay)\" basis; Serbia has no dedicated digital-nomad visa", "program_short": "Temp. residence (no DNV)", "visa_type": "remote_work_permit", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2023-07-27", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 58630, "currency": "RSD", "min_monthly_eur": 500, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 36, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "limited" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": "Flat-rate entrepreneur (preduzetnik pausalac) regime commonly used by remote workers; otherwise standard personal income tax", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health", "local_mandatory", "public_enrollment" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 190, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 9 }, "recent_changes": "July 2023 amendments to the Law on Foreigners (in force from 2023/24) merged residence and work into a single online procedure ('single permit'), extended the maximum temporary-residence grant to 3 years, eased renewals, and cut the qualifying period for permanent residence from 5 to 3 years of continuous residence. Applications moved onto the eForeigner / Welcome to Serbia portal. The net minimum salary (the benchmark for the 'sufficient means' test) rose to RSD 308/h net from 1 Jan 2025 and RSD 337/h net from 1 Oct 2025. Despite repeated press claims of a 'digital nomad visa launch' in 2025/2026, no dedicated digital-nomad visa or regulation has been adopted as of mid-2026.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.mup.gov.rs/wps/portal/en/information/temporary+residence/temporary+residence", "title": "Temporary residence — Ministry of Interior of the Republic of Serbia (MUP)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://welcometoserbia.gov.rs/temporary-residence", "title": "Temporary Residence — Welcome to Serbia (official government portal)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://welcometoserbia.gov.rs/permanent-residence", "title": "Permanent Residence — Welcome to Serbia (official government portal)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://welcometoserbia.gov.rs/digitalni-nomadi-u-srbiji", "title": "Digital nomads in Serbia — Welcome to Serbia (promotional government page; no formal DNV rules)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/serbia/individual/residence", "title": "Serbia — Individual Residence, PwC Worldwide Tax Summaries (183-day rule, centre of vital/business interests)", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://www.fragomen.com/insights/serbia-certain-work-residence-permit-changes-in-force-earlier-than-expected.html", "title": "Serbia: Work/Residence Permit Changes (single permit, 3-year max, 3-year PR qualifying period) — Fragomen", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://nnroad.com/compliance/serbia-raises-minimum-wage/", "title": "Serbia Minimum Wage 2025: RSD 308/h net, ~RSD 53,592/month — NNRoad", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.epsu.org/epsucob/2024-september-epsu-collective-bargaining-newsletter-no16/serbia-minimum-wage-increase-137", "title": "Serbia: minimum wage increase for 2025 (net RSD 308/h benchmark) — EPSU", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://immigratetoserbia.com/residence-permit-serbia/", "title": "Residence Permit in Serbia (2026): requirements, costs (~RSD 22,000 fee), process — Immigrate to Serbia", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.relocationserbia.com/why-serbia-is-the-top-destination-for-digital-nomads", "title": "Serbia for Digital Nomads: 2026 Guide (self-employment route, 90-day visa-free, processing time) — Relocation Serbia", "authority_type": "law_firm" } ] }, { "id": "SC-WORKATION", "slug": "seychelles", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/seychelles/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Seychelles", "iso": "SC", "region": "africa", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "SCR" }, "program_name_official": "Seychelles Visitors' Workcation Permit (Workcation Retreat Programme)", "program_short": "Workcation Permit", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2021-04-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 45, "application_location": [ "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 0.07, "processing_time_weeks_max": 2 }, "recent_changes": "As of 2026 the programme remains active and applications run through the official Seychelles e-Border portal (seychelles.govtas.com), the same Travizory-operated system used for the eTA/Travel Authorisation. The original dedicated marketing site workcation.seychelles.travel is no longer reachable, so current information and the application flow have consolidated onto the e-Border portal. COVID-era entry conditions (PCR test, mandatory COVID-19 insurance clause, Health Travel Authorization) have been relaxed/removed in line with the general lifting of Seychelles pandemic travel rules, though general medical/travel insurance is still required. No official minimum-income threshold has been introduced; the financial test remains qualitative.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://seychelles.govtas.com/en", "title": "Seychelles Electronic Border System (e-Border) — Official Government Travel Authorisation Portal (workcation/VWP application system)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://apta.biz/2021/04/21/seychelles-launches-workcation-retreat-program/", "title": "Seychelles Launches 'Workcation' Retreat Program (launch announcement quoting the Seychelles Tourism Board / Department of Tourism — duration max 1 year, insurance for full stay, foreign-income eligibility)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://src.gov.sc/seychelles-tax-system/", "title": "Tax System — Seychelles Revenue Commission (territorial tax regime; only Seychelles-source income taxable; foreign-source income non-taxable)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ics.gov.sc/visa-and-travel/living-and-working-in-seychelles", "title": "Living and Working in Seychelles — Immigration & Civil Status Department (lists GOP/Residence/PR/Dependant permits only; no workcation route — confirms it is handled via Tourism/e-Border)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.openvisa.org/visa/seychelles-visitors-workcation-permit", "title": "Visitors' Workcation Permit (Seychelles) — Requirements & Guide (Openvisa); sole source citing ~$1,500/month, unattributed to government", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.supportadventure.com/seychelles-digital-nomad-visa-workcation-program-requirements-and-application-form/", "title": "Seychelles' Workcation Program Requirements and Application Form (Support Adventure) — EUR 45 / USD 46 fee, no stated minimum income, apply 60 days before / within 2 weeks of arrival, 'reviewed within 12 hours'", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://esim.holafly.com/visas/seychelles-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Seychelles digital nomad visa: How to get it? (Holafly) — 12-month duration, EUR 45 (USD 50) fee, mandatory health insurance, no stated minimum income, foreign-income tax exemption, 7-14 business-day processing", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.sebsauerborn.com/countries/seychelles", "title": "Seychelles Tax Guide — territorial system, 183-day tax-residency trigger, foreign-source income exempt subject to economic substance", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://taxatlas.io/country/seychelles/income-tax", "title": "Seychelles Personal Income Tax (TaxAtlas) — 183-day residency rule; progressive personal income tax bands (figures vary by source)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.globalpassport.ai/blog/seychelles-healthcare-system", "title": "The Healthcare System in Seychelles — free universal public healthcare since 1978; specialist care referred abroad", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "SI-DNV", "slug": "slovenia", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/slovenia/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Slovenia", "iso": "SI", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Temporary residence permit for digital nomads (dovoljenje za začasno prebivanje za digitalne nomade)", "program_short": "Digital Nomad Permit", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2025-11-21", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3200, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 3200, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": false, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 30000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 102, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 4, "processing_time_weeks_max": 9 }, "recent_changes": "Brand-new route: applications opened 21 November 2025. The legal basis is the 2025 Act on Amendments to the Aliens Act (ZTuj-2I), adopted by the National Assembly on 25 April 2025, published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia No. 32 of 6 May 2025, and in force from 21 May 2025, with the digital-nomad provisions applying from the 21 November 2025 launch date. As of mid-2026 the permit is non-renewable (one year maximum; reapply six months after expiry), which is unusual among EU nomad schemes; this structure could be revised in future amendments.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.gov.si/en/news/2025-11-21-temporary-residence-permit-for-digital-nomads/", "title": "Temporary residence permit for digital nomads - GOV.SI (Government of the Republic of Slovenia)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gov.si/en/news/2025-11-21-temporary-residence-permit-for-digital-nomads/", "title": "Temporary residence permit for digital nomads - income (twice average net salary), one-year non-extendable duration, six-month reapplication, application locations (embassy / administrative unit), immediate family reunification, health-insurance requirement - GOV.SI", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://zdops.si/en/act-on-amendments-and-supplements-to-the-aliens-act-2i/", "title": "Act on Amendments to the Aliens Act (ZTuj-2I) - legal basis for the digital nomad permit; adopted 25 Apr 2025, Official Gazette No. 32/2025 (6 May 2025), in force 21 May 2025", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://immigrantinvest.com/insider/slovenia-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Slovenia Launches 12-Month Digital Nomad Visa in November 2025 - Immigrant Invest", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://intermarkrelocation.com/news/immigration/slovenia-digital-nomad-permit/", "title": "Slovenia: Digital Nomad Permit - Intermark Relocation", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.expatden.com/slovenia/slovenia-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Slovenia Digital Nomad Visa Guide (2026): income ~EUR 3,200/mo, fee EUR 50 in-country / EUR 102 embassy + EUR 12 card, insurance min EUR 30,000, processing 30-60 days, family - ExpatDen", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://sibiz.eu/taxation-of-digital-nomads-in-slovenia-residency-permit-tax-residency-and-income-tax-rules/", "title": "Taxation of Digital Nomads in Slovenia: Residency Permit, Tax Residency and Income Tax Rules (183-day rule; permit does not auto-trigger tax residency) - Sibiz d.o.o.", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://seenews.com/news/slovenias-avg-net-salary-up-2-5-percent-yy-in-real-terms-in-2025-1289781", "title": "Slovenia's average net salary EUR 1,602 in 2025 (SURS / Statistical Office; basis for 2x income threshold = ~EUR 3,204) - SeeNews", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://citizenremote.com/visas/slovenia-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "Slovenia Digital Nomad Visa 2025 - Eligibility, Costs & How to Apply - Citizen Remote", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "ZA-REMOTE", "slug": "south-africa", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/south-africa/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "South Africa", "iso": "ZA", "region": "africa", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "ZAR" }, "program_name_official": "Visitor's Visa Section 11(1)(b)(iv) for the Prescribed Activity of Remote Work", "program_short": "Remote Work", "visa_type": "remote_work_permit", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-05-20", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 54233, "currency": "ZAR", "min_monthly_eur": 2646, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 36, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 33, "application_location": [ "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 6, "processing_time_weeks_max": 10 }, "recent_changes": "Introduced via the Second Amendment of the Immigration Regulations 2014, effective 20 May 2024; DHA published documentary requirements effective 9 October 2024.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.dha.gov.za/images/notices/8october24/Remote_Work_Visa_-_requirements_-_9_Oct_2024.pdf", "title": "DHA — Remote Work visitor's visa requirements (effective 9 October 2024)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.saembassy.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/PORT-OF-ENTRY-VISA-REMOTE-WORK-VISA-MORE-THAN-90-DAYS.pdf", "title": "Embassy of South Africa — Remote Work Visa requirements (fee, income, documents)", "authority_type": "embassy" } ] }, { "id": "KR-WORKATION", "slug": "south-korea", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/south-korea/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "South Korea", "iso": "KR", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "KRW" }, "program_name_official": "F-1-D Workation (Digital Nomad) Visa", "program_short": "F-1-D Workation", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-01-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 7080000, "currency": "KRW", "min_monthly_eur": 4030, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 24, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": 70000, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 40, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 3, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "The visa remains an official Ministry of Justice test operation (pilot), not yet a permanent visa category. By notice of the Ministry of Justice (relayed via the Philippines embassy), the Workation (Digital Nomad) visa test-operation period was extended from 2026-01-01 with no fixed end date ('until a later announcement is made'), so parameters can still change. The income threshold (2x prior-year GNI per capita) is recalculated annually when the Bank of Korea publishes new GNI per capita; official consular pages currently disagree on the cited base year (LA / Philippines still publish the 2022-GNI figure of KRW 84.96M/yr ~ USD 66,000, while Seattle phrases the current threshold as ~USD 65,800/yr based on 2024 GNI). Several consulates and the Immigration Service guidance confirm that visitors already in Korea on short-stay status (B-1/B-2/C-3) may change status to F-1-D at a local immigration office rather than applying only from abroad.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.immigration.go.kr/bbs/immigration/47/464289/download.do", "title": "Digital Nomad (Workcation) Visa - Korea Immigration Service (Ministry of Justice) guidance document", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.mofa.go.kr/us-seattle-en/brd/m_23042/view.do?seq=41", "title": "F-1-D Workation (Digital Nomad) Visa - Visa Requirements, Consulate General of the Republic of Korea in Seattle", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/us-losangeles-en/brd/m_26385/view.do?seq=12", "title": "(F-1-D) Workation (Digital Nomad) Pilot Program - Consulate General of the Republic of Korea in Los Angeles", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.mofa.go.kr/ph-en/brd/m_3275/view.do?seq=761011", "title": "Notice on the Extension of Workation (Digital Nomad) Visa Test Operation Period - Embassy of the Republic of Korea in the Philippines", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.greenbacktaxservices.com/blog/south-korea-digital-nomad-visa/", "title": "South Korea Digital Nomad Visa for Americans Explained: Requirements, Costs, and Tax Rules - Greenback Tax Services", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/krw-eur-2026", "title": "Korean Won (KRW) to Euro (EUR) Exchange Rate History for 2026 - Exchange-Rates.org", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/usd-eur-2026", "title": "US Dollar (USD) to Euro (EUR) Exchange Rate History for 2026 - Exchange-Rates.org", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "ES-DNV", "slug": "spain", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/spain/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Spain", "iso": "ES", "region": "europe_eu", "eu_member": true, "schengen": true, "currency": "EUR" }, "program_name_official": "Visado y autorización de residencia para teletrabajo de carácter internacional (Ley 14/2013, arts. 74 bis–74 quinquies, introduced by Ley 28/2022)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2022-12-23", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2442, "currency": "EUR", "min_monthly_eur": 2442, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 36, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "yes", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "limited" }, "tax": { "treatment": "special_regime", "regime_name": "Régimen especial para trabajadores desplazados a territorio español (art. 93 LIRPF, 'Beckham regime') – optional", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "public_enrollment" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 73.26, "application_location": [ "embassy", "in_country", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "Over the last 12 months: (1) Spain's minimum wage (SMI) rose 3.1% to EUR 1,221/month under RD 126/2026 (BOE 19 Feb 2026, retroactive to 1 Jan 2026), lifting the main-applicant income threshold to EUR 2,442/month (200% of the monthly SMI). (2) Orden PJC/617/2025 (BOE, in force 16 Jun 2025) restructured the general LO 4/2000 immigration fees following RD 1155/2024; the Ley 14/2013 teleworker fee (modelo 790-038) is separate, and the current UGE FAQ puts it at EUR 73.26 for initial applications. (3) The Washington consulate applies reciprocity visa fees from 1 Jan 2026: USD 190 for US nationals (Canada USD 1,566, UK USD 963, Australia USD 3,020, default USD 106). (4) The current UGE FAQ (which references RD 1155/2024) now states that holders of a non-lucrative residence authorization cannot switch in-country to the teleworker authorization, because the NLV does not authorize work and prior remote work from Spain would have been an infringement — confirming earlier practitioner reports. (5) Practitioner reports of a broader 2025–2026 UGE fraud crackdown and stricter certificate-of-coverage scrutiny have not been confirmed by any official government source.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/en/web/unidadgrandesempresas/teletrabajadores", "title": "UGE – Teletrabajadores (Ministerio de Inclusión, Seguridad Social y Migraciones)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/informacion-documentacion-pagina-web-titular-v2", "title": "UGE – Solicitudes iniciales de autorización para teletrabajadores de carácter internacional (requirements PDF; 200% SMI monthly, 75%/25% family, savings top-up)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/informacion-documentacion-pagina-web-titular-v2", "title": "UGE requirements PDF – sickness insurance and social security sections (arts. 62.3.e and 62.5 Ley 14/2013; exclusions of travel/reimbursement/copay/waiting-period policies)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/nomadas-digitales-faqs-espanol", "title": "UGE – Preguntas frecuentes: Autorizaciones de Residencia y Trabajo de Teletrabajadores Internacionales (tasa EUR 73.26 initial; income 200% SMI monthly; insurance; 20% Spanish-client cap; no switch from non-lucrative)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/d/unidadgrandesempresas/nomadas-digitales-faqs-espanol", "title": "UGE FAQ – general eligibility, social security, family work rights, local clients, switching rules", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/410169/0/report_report_2301+Instrucci%C3%B3n+conjunta+Teletrabajadores+de+car%C3%A1cter+internacional_rev13_FIRMADAS.pdf/d6c8533a-c98e-6157-da03-a598f0e1c017?t=1681813834808", "title": "Instrucción conjunta DGEEAC/DGM sobre teletrabajadores de carácter internacional (signed 29/03/2023) – Tercera: 'mensualmente el 200% del SMI', 75%/25% family", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.inclusion.gob.es/documents/410169/0/report_report_2301+Instrucci%C3%B3n+conjunta+Teletrabajadores+de+car%C3%A1cter+internacional_rev13_FIRMADAS.pdf/d6c8533a-c98e-6157-da03-a598f0e1c017?t=1681813834808", "title": "Instrucción conjunta – Quinta: seguro público o privado de enfermedad, insurer authorized in Spain, active for the full authorization period, travel insurance invalid", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2026-3815", "title": "Real Decreto 126/2026, de 18 de febrero – salario mínimo interprofesional 2026 (EUR 1,221/month, EUR 17,094/year, retroactive to 1 Jan 2026)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/washington/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Telework-visa.aspx", "title": "Consulate General of Spain in Washington – Telework (Digital Nomad) Visa (DGSFP-registered insurer, no copay/coverage limit, travel insurance not accepted, full authorization period)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/washington/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Telework-visa.aspx", "title": "Consulate General of Spain in Washington – Telework visa (200% monthly SMI worked example for 2025; reciprocity fees from 1 Jan 2026 incl. USD 190 for US nationals; 10-day legal decision term; 1-year validity)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/santiagodechile/es/ServiciosConsulares/Documents/Requisitos%20visado%20TEL.pdf", "title": "Consulate General of Spain in Santiago de Chile – Visado de teletrabajo PDF (1-year visa, 3-year authorization, 2-year renewals, 20-day UGE term, in-country filing without prior visa, 200%/75%/25% SMI, DGSFP insurance)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/londres/en/ServiciosConsulares/Paginas/Consular/Digital-Nomad-Visa.aspx", "title": "Consulate General of Spain in London – Digital Nomad Visa (200% of monthly SMI with 2024 worked example, 75%/25% family, insurer authorized in Spain, 10-day decision term)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://prie.comercio.gob.es/es-es/Paginas/Teletrabajadores-caracter-internacional.aspx", "title": "Ministerio de Economía, Comercio y Empresa (PRIE) – Nómadas digitales (1-year visa / 3-year authorization, 20% Spanish-client cap, 3-month relationship, qualifications)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/manual-tributacion-no-residentes/regimenes-opcionales/regimen-especial-impatriados.html", "title": "Agencia Tributaria – Régimen especial de impatriados (art. 93 LIRPF): covers remote teleworkers incl. digital nomad visa holders since 2023; 24%/47% over EUR 600,000; year of move + 5; 5-year prior non-residence", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/irpf-2023/c02-irpf-cuestiones-generales/sujecion-irpf-aspectos-personales/regimen-fiscal-especial-aplicable-trabajadores-desplazados/regimen-aplicable-trabajadores-desplazados/ejercicio-opcion-regimen-especial/plazo-ejercicio-opcion-regimen-especial.html", "title": "Agencia Tributaria – Plazo para el ejercicio de la opción (Modelo 149): 6 months from activity start date per Spanish Social Security registration", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/no-residentes/residencia-personas-fisicas-juridicas/persona-fisica-residente-espana.html", "title": "Agencia Tributaria – Persona física residente en España (>183 days in the calendar year triggers tax residence)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2014-9064", "title": "Orden ESS/1571/2014 – tasas for Ley 14/2013 international-mobility authorizations (EUR 70.40 initial / EUR 75.60 renewal base, indexed by budget laws)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2025-12056", "title": "Orden PJC/617/2025, de 13 de junio – LO 4/2000 immigration fee restructuring after RD 1155/2024, in force 16 Jun 2025 (separate from the Ley 14/2013 teleworker tasa)", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2022-21739", "title": "Ley 28/2022, de 21 de diciembre (Startup Law), BOE 22-Dec-2022 – creates the telework visa/authorization; preamble: 1-year visa, 3-year authorization renewable for 2 years, permanent residence possible at 5 years", "authority_type": "gazette" }, { "url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2022-21739", "title": "BOE consolidated page for Ley 28/2022 – metadata: published BOE núm. 306 de 22/12/2022, entrada en vigor 23/12/2022", "authority_type": "gazette" } ] }, { "id": "LK-DNV", "slug": "sri-lanka", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/sri-lanka/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Sri Lanka", "iso": "LK", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "LKR" }, "program_name_official": "Digital Nomad Visa (Sri Lanka)", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2026-02", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 2000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 1840, "basis": "mixed", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 460, "application_location": [ "in_country", "online" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 1, "processing_time_weeks_max": 6 }, "recent_changes": "Sri Lanka's Department of Immigration & Emigration launched the formal Digital Nomad Visa in early February 2026 (reported around 6-12 Feb 2026 by CNBC and IMI Daily), replacing the prior practice of remote workers using long-stay/extended tourist visas. The official immigration.gov.lk DNV category sheet specifies a USD 2,000/month remittance for the main applicant (+USD 500/month per dependent beyond 2) and a USD 500/year visa fee per person. Some media reports of a lowered USD 1,500 threshold and a 5-year option are NOT reflected in the official immigration.gov.lk DNV category sheet (which states USD 2,000/month and a 1-year duration) and appear to be speculation. Separately, Sri Lanka's 15% tax on service-export / foreign-source income remitted via the banking system took effect 1 April 2025 (official IRD notice PN/IT/2025-01), which is materially relevant to DNV holders who become tax resident.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.immigration.gov.lk/content/files/visa/digital_nomad/Digital%20Nomad%20Visa%20Category.pdf", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa Category - Department of Immigration & Emigration, Sri Lanka (official category sheet)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.immigration.gov.lk/content/files/visa/digital_nomad/Digital%20Nomad%20Visa%20Category.pdf", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa Category PDF - USD 2,000/month main applicant + USD 500/month per dependent beyond 2; proof of remittance required", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.immigration.gov.lk/content/files/visa/digital_nomad/Digital%20Nomad%20Visa%20Category.pdf", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa Category PDF - required International Health Insurance covering Sri Lanka + Medical Clearance Report", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.immigration.gov.lk/content/files/visa/digital_nomad/Digital%20Nomad%20Visa%20Category.pdf", "title": "Digital Nomad Visa Category PDF - 1-year duration, USD 500/year fee per person, submission to Residence Visa Division, tax-registration required for extension", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ird.gov.lk/en/Lists/Latest%20News%20%20Notices/Attachments/666/PN_IT_2025-01_26032025_E.pdf", "title": "IRD Notice PN/IT/2025-01 (26.03.2025) - Inland Revenue (Amendment) Act No. 02 of 2025: 15% max tax on service exports & foreign-source income remitted via bank, effective 01.04.2025; exemption removed", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/sri-lanka-digital-nomad-visa.html", "title": "Sri Lanka launched a new digital nomad visa: How to apply (CNBC)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.imidaily.com/asia-pacific/sri-lanka-unveils-digital-nomad-visa-with-2000-minimum-monthly-income/", "title": "Sri Lanka Unveils Digital Nomad Visa With $2,000 Minimum Monthly Income (IMI Daily) - launch early Feb 2026, online applications, $500/dependent beyond 2", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.desaram.com/sri-lanka-investor-visa-digital-nomad-visa-2026/", "title": "Sri Lanka Investor Visa & Digital Nomad Visa 2026 (DL&F De Saram, law firm) - duration, fees, renewal tax-registration", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/MTk2NzQ2NjQyOA", "title": "Sri Lanka: 15% Tax on Foreign Income Introduced (HKTDC Research) - effective 1 April 2025, applies to remitted foreign-currency service income; >=15% foreign tax exempt", "authority_type": "intl_org" }, { "url": "https://taxpro.lk/2025/08/20/who-is-liable-to-pay-income-tax-in-sri-lanka/", "title": "Who is liable to pay income tax in Sri Lanka - Resident vs Non-Resident (Taxpro.lk) - 183-day residency rule, worldwide income for residents", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://expatfinancial.com/healthcare-information-by-region/asian-healthcare-system/sri-lanka-healthcare-system/", "title": "Sri Lanka Healthcare System & Medical Insurance Options for Expats (Expat Financial)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "TW-GOLD", "slug": "taiwan", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/taiwan/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Taiwan", "iso": "TW", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "TWD" }, "program_name_official": "Employment Gold Card (就業金卡) — issued under the Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals", "program_short": "Gold Card", "visa_type": "other", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2018-02-08", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 160000, "currency": "TWD", "min_monthly_eur": 4400, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 36, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "yes", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "yes" }, "tax": { "treatment": "special_regime", "regime_name": "Tax incentives for foreign special professionals (Art. 20, Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals)", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "public_enrollment", "international_health", "travel" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 157, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 4, "processing_time_weeks_max": 12 }, "recent_changes": "No structural change to the Gold Card scheme in 2025-2026; the salary route remains NTD 160,000/month and the tax break (50% exemption above NTD 3,000,000 for 5 years) remains in force. The Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals has been amended over time (e.g. the 25 Oct 2021 amendment giving dependants of foreign professionals immediate NHI enrolment and extending the lineal-ascendant visitor stay to one year). Note: 'Gold Card' here is the Taiwan scheme and is unrelated to the separate US 'Trump Gold Card' proposal of the same name.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/", "title": "Taiwan Employment Gold Card — official portal (overview)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/about/", "title": "What is the Taiwan Employment Gold Card? (4-in-1 card, 1-3 yr validity, open work permit, dependants)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/faq/how-do-i-meet-the-salary-requirements-of-the-gold-card-application/", "title": "How do I meet the salary requirements of the Gold Card application? (NTD 160,000/month; NTD 1,920,000/year; accepted/rejected proof)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/faq/what-is-the-legal-bases-of-enacting-tax-benefits-for-foreign-specialist-professionals-and-what-are-the-benefits/", "title": "Legal basis and benefits of tax incentives for foreign specialist professionals (50% above NTD 3,000,000, 5 years; Art. 20 Act / Art. 3 Regulations)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/faq/can-i-apply-for-the-gold-card-tax-benefits/", "title": "Can I apply for the Gold Card tax benefits? (eligibility: first-time work residency, no Taiwan tax residency/household registration in prior 5 years, 183 days)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/application/", "title": "Application Information — online steps, fees by validity/passport (NTD 3,700/4,700/5,700 non-US; 7,605/8,605/9,605 US abroad), 60+ business-day processing", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://foreigntalentact.ndc.gov.tw/en/Content_List.aspx?n=81D88B9ED1217AB1", "title": "Act for the Recruitment and Employment of Foreign Professionals — Tax Benefits (Art. 20; 50% of salary above NTD 3 million excluded for 5 years) (National Development Council)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/tags/national-health-insurance/", "title": "Taiwan Gold Card — National Health Insurance (NHI) enrolment for cardholders and dependants (6-month wait; mandatory)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goldcard.nat.gov.tw/en/tags/aprc/", "title": "Taiwan Gold Card — APRC (permanent residence after 3 continuous years averaging 183+ days/year)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://kpmg.com/xx/en/our-insights/gms-flash-alert/flash-alert-2023-085.html", "title": "Taiwan – Applicability of Tax Incentives for Employment Gold Card Holders (KPMG GMS Flash Alert)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/converter/twd-eur", "title": "TWD to EUR conversion reference (~0.02748 EUR/TWD, mid-June 2026 rate used for EUR figures)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "TH-DTV", "slug": "thailand", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/thailand/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Thailand", "iso": "TH", "region": "asia", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "THB" }, "program_name_official": "Destination Thailand Visa (DTV)", "program_short": "DTV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-07-15", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "THB", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": 13160 }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 60, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 180 }, "insurance": { "required": "no", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": null, "types_accepted": [] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 350, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": null, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "No change to the DTV's core terms in the past 12 months. 15 Oct 2025: the Royal Thai Embassy Helsinki added a post-specific requirement of proof of an accommodation reservation (minimum 7 days) for the initial DTV entry. 31 Aug 2025: Thailand consolidated 17 non-immigrant visa codes into 7; the DTV, a separate visitor-class category, was unaffected (per KPMG and Fragomen). 10 Feb 2026: the Cabinet approved a progress report on the 2024 visa reform that reaffirmed the DTV, while an immigration-policy oversight committee newly created by decree reviews visa schemes for misuse (media reports citing thaigov.go.th). 19 May 2026: the Cabinet reportedly resolved to cut the 60-day visa exemption to 30 days for most nationalities; this is media-reported only, not yet gazetted or in force, and concerns a separate scheme that does not alter DTV terms.", "data_confidence": "high", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://thaievisa.go.th/visa/dtv-visa", "title": "Thai e-Visa Official Website (MFA) - Destination Thailand Visa (DTV): streams, THB 500,000 financial evidence, 5-year multiple entry", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://thaievisa.go.th/visa/dtv-visa", "title": "Thai e-Visa Official Website (MFA) - DTV required documents raw text (no insurance requirement listed in any stream)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://image.mfa.go.th/mfa/0/RzaiZWKBzF/consular/Visa/18.Destination_Thailand_Visa_(DTV).pdf", "title": "MFA / Royal Thai Embassy Tokyo - DTV overview PDF (180 days each time, 5 years, JPY 52,000, THB 500,000 bank statements past 3 months)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://image.mfa.go.th/mfa/0/n3gTFT2TOE/Visa_Requirements/Checklist_DTV.pdf", "title": "MFA (Royal Thai Embassy Kuala Lumpur) - Checklist of Destination Thailand Visa (THB 500,000 / MYR 65,000 balance, 6-month salary slips, dependent requirements)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://washingtondc.thaiembassy.org/en/page/dtv-visa", "title": "Royal Thai Embassy Washington D.C. - DTV (USD 400 fee, THB 500,000 ending balance each of last 3 months), updated 19 Mar 2026", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://helsinki.thaiembassy.org/en/publicservice/destination-thailand-visa-dtv?menu=5d80876d15e39c3354007bb1&page=5f49f4a199a85e260f4278de", "title": "Royal Thai Embassy Helsinki - DTV (EUR 350 fee, 180 days per stay, 180-day extension, 7-day accommodation proof), updated 15 Oct 2025", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://london.thaiembassy.org/en/page/destination-thailand-visa", "title": "Royal Thai Embassy London - DTV (GBP 300 fee, DTV1/2/3, 180 days per entry, one-time 180-day extension)", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://singapore.thaiembassy.org/en/page/dtv-visa-workcation", "title": "Royal Thai Embassy Singapore - DTV Workcation (SGD 500, remote work for company abroad only, apply 21+ working days ahead), updated 2 May 2025", "authority_type": "embassy" }, { "url": "https://www.mfa.go.th/en/content/thailandnewvisa-en?page=5d5bd3da15e39c306002aaf9&menu=5d5bd3cb15e39c306002a9b0", "title": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs - Thailand's New Visa Measures are Now Effective (15 July 2024)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.rd.go.th/english/6045.html", "title": "Thai Revenue Department - Personal Income Tax (180-day residency, remittance basis for foreign income)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.hlbthai.com/thai-revenue-department-drafts-foreign-income-remittance-tax-relief/", "title": "HLB Thailand - Thai Revenue Department drafts foreign income remittance tax relief (draft, not yet law; current rule effective 1 Jan 2024)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://kpmg.com/xx/en/our-insights/gms-flash-alert/flash-alert-2025-198.html", "title": "KPMG GMS Flash Alert 2025-198 - Thailand: Non-Immigrant Visa Classification Undergoes Consolidation (effective 31 Aug 2025; DTV unaffected)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://visasnews.com/en/thailand-government-consolidates-its-visa-policy-and-considers-adjustments/", "title": "VisasNews (11 Feb 2026) - Cabinet visa-reform progress report reaffirms DTV; immigration-policy oversight committee created; cites thaigov.go.th/th/news/161455", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.ecb.europa.eu/stats/eurofxref/eurofxref-daily.xml", "title": "European Central Bank - Euro foreign exchange reference rates, 2026-06-09 (THB 37.994, USD 1.1573, GBP 0.8634, SGD 1.4873, JPY 185.35 per EUR)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "TR-DNV", "slug": "turkey", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/turkey/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Turkey", "iso": "TR", "region": "europe_non_eu", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "TRY" }, "program_name_official": "Digital Nomad Visa (gated by the Digital Nomad Identification Certificate, issued via the Digital Nomads goTürkiye portal); the long-stay mechanism inside Türkiye is the short-term residence permit", "program_short": "DNV", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2024-10-01", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3000, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 2584, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "standard_resident", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_implicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": null, "application_location": [ "online", "embassy", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 4, "processing_time_weeks_max": 12 }, "recent_changes": "Programme announced April 2024 and opened for applications in late September / 1 October 2024; it is Türkiye's first dedicated digital-nomad route. Eligibility is restricted to a defined list of around 36 nationalities (most EU/EFTA states plus the UK, US, Canada, Russia, Ukraine and Belarus). No major rule change to the income or age criteria has been published since launch as of June 2026.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://goturkiye.com/digitalnomads/application-requirements-for-digital-nomad-visa-and-short-term-residence", "title": "Application requirements for digital nomad visa and short-term residence — Digital Nomads goTürkiye (official government portal)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://goturkiye.com/digitalnomads/application-requirements-for-digital-nomad-visa-and-short-term-residence", "title": "goTürkiye Digital Nomads — income requirement USD 3,000/month or USD 36,000/year, age 21-55, university degree, passport valid 6+ months", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.ey.com/content/dam/ey-unified-site/ey-com/tr-tr/services/law/documents/ey-tr-turkiye-new-digital-nomad-visa.pdf", "title": "EY Mobility/Immigration Alert (April 2024): Türkiye — New Digital Nomad Visa (eligibility, nationalities, two routes)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://kpmg.com/xx/en/our-insights/gms-flash-alert/flash-alert-2024-188.html", "title": "KPMG GMS Flash Alert 2024-188: Türkiye — Digital Nomad Visa Becomes Available (income, 34-country list, 5-step process, launch Sept 2024)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.bal.com/immigration-news/turkey-digital-nomad-visa-launched/", "title": "BAL Immigration News — Turkey Digital Nomad Visa Launched (Sept 2024 launch, ~36 countries, up-to-one-year stay via residence permit)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://istanbullawyerfirm.com/blog/digital-nomad-visa-turkey", "title": "Istanbul Lawyer Firm — Digital Nomad Visa and Residence Permit in Turkey: Full Legal Guide (mandatory insurance for full permit period, family reunification, no Turkish-client work)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://istanbullawyerfirm.com/blog/tax-residency-for-foreigners-turkey", "title": "Istanbul Lawyer Firm — Tax Residency for Foreigners in Turkey (GVK Art. 4, 183-day / six-month rule, worldwide income)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/usd-eur-2026", "title": "USD to EUR exchange rate history 2026 (0.8612 on 15 Jun 2026, basis for EUR conversion of USD 3,000)", "authority_type": "media" } ] }, { "id": "AE-VWP", "slug": "uae", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/uae/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "United Arab Emirates", "iso": "AE", "region": "middle_east", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "AED" }, "program_name_official": "Dubai Virtual Working Programme (Virtual Work Residence Visa / Issuance of the Virtual Work Residence Permit)", "program_short": "VWP", "visa_type": "remote_work_permit", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2020-10-15", "income": { "min_monthly_original": 3500, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": 3033, "basis": "salary_contract", "proof_of_funds_required": true, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 12, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": null, "path_to_pr": "no", "path_to_citizenship": "no", "family_inclusion": true, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "no_income_tax", "regime_name": null, "residency_trigger_days": null }, "insurance": { "required": "yes_explicit", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": "full_visa_period", "types_accepted": [ "travel", "international_health", "local_mandatory" ] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 88, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 0.3, "processing_time_weeks_max": null }, "recent_changes": "No substantive rule changes in the past 12 months (June 2025 - June 2026): the USD 3,500/month income threshold, one-year duration and renewability are all confirmed on GDRFA Dubai's issuance, entry and renewal service pages and by Dubai DET. Fees on the Dubai DET page are still quoted as of August 2024 (AED 372.50 applying from outside Dubai; AED 1,225.90 via Amer centres in Dubai, both including VAT). The federal u.ae page, last updated 30 December 2024, still shows legacy launch-era figures (USD 5,000 income, USD 287 fee) in its Dubai-programme section. Claims circulating on third-party visa-agency sites of a USD 17,000 savings requirement and an income-threshold increase from USD 2,700 do not appear on any government page and should be treated as unverified.", "data_confidence": "low", "last_verified": "2026-06-10", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.investindubai.gov.ae/en/live-and-work/visas-and-entry/work-remotely-from-dubai", "title": "Work remotely from Dubai", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.investindubai.gov.ae/en/live-and-work/visas-and-entry/work-remotely-from-dubai", "title": "Work remotely from Dubai - eligibility: salary of at least US$3,500 (AED12,856) per month, 1-year contract with a non-UAE company", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.investindubai.gov.ae/en/live-and-work/visas-and-entry/work-remotely-from-dubai", "title": "Work remotely from Dubai - health insurance valid for the UAE for at least one year; travel insurance acceptable with necessary cover", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.investindubai.gov.ae/en/live-and-work/visas-and-entry/work-remotely-from-dubai", "title": "Work remotely from Dubai - visa costs as of August 2024 (US$101/AED 372.50 outside Dubai; US$334/AED 1,225.90 via AMER in Dubai, incl. VAT)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "title": "GDRFA Dubai - Issuance of the virtual work residence permit (salary certificate USD 3,500 or equivalent; health insurance copy compulsory)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/f52024e3-b812-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "title": "GDRFA Dubai - Issuance of the virtual work residence permit (channels, documents, AED fees, 48h service time, 60-day grace, one year subject to renewal)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/64154a31-ec6d-11ec-140b-0050569629e8", "title": "GDRFA Dubai - Visa Issuance (Virtual Work) (valid health insurance document required at entry stage; USD 3,500 income condition)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/64154a31-ec6d-11ec-140b-0050569629e8", "title": "GDRFA Dubai - Visa Issuance (Virtual Work) (entry visa fee AED 200 + 5% VAT and surcharges; one-year extendable residence; family sponsorship)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://gdrfad.gov.ae/en/services/dff82f60-b81d-11ed-5210-4cd98f768936", "title": "GDRFA Dubai - Renewing a virtual work residence permit (renewal service: salary certificate USD 3,500 mandatory, health insurance mandatory, AED 200 + surcharges, 48h, no savings requirement, no stated renewal cap)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260210185308/https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-working-outside-the-uae", "title": "u.ae - Residence visa for working outside the UAE", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260210185308/https://u.ae/en/information-and-services/visa-and-emirates-id/residence-visas/residence-visa-for-working-outside-the-uae", "title": "u.ae - Residence visa for working outside the UAE ('zero income tax for individuals' under programme benefits)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://api.frankfurter.dev/v1/latest?base=USD&symbols=EUR,AED", "title": "ECB reference exchange rate via Frankfurter API (2026-06-10: 1 USD = 0.86663 EUR) used for EUR conversions; AED converted via the 3.6725 USD peg (ECB publishes no AED rate)", "authority_type": "government" } ] }, { "id": "UY-DNV", "slug": "uruguay", "guide_url": "https://www.living-abroad.org/countries/uruguay/digital-nomad-visa/", "country": { "name": "Uruguay", "iso": "UY", "region": "latin_america", "eu_member": false, "schengen": false, "currency": "UYU" }, "program_name_official": "Hoja de Identidad Provisoria - Nómada Digital (permiso especial de residencia legal para nómadas digitales)", "program_short": "Nómada Digital permit", "visa_type": "digital_nomad", "status": "active", "launch_date": "2023-05", "income": { "min_monthly_original": null, "currency": "USD", "min_monthly_eur": null, "basis": "savings_accepted", "proof_of_funds_required": false, "proof_of_funds_amount_eur": null }, "stay": { "initial_duration_months": 6, "renewable": true, "max_total_stay_months": 12, "path_to_pr": "indirect", "path_to_citizenship": "via_pr", "family_inclusion": false, "local_clients_allowed": "no" }, "tax": { "treatment": "territorial", "regime_name": "Sistema de fuente territorial (IRPF/IRNR); optional new-resident tax holiday for those who become tax residents", "residency_trigger_days": 183 }, "insurance": { "required": "no", "min_coverage_eur": null, "duration_requirement": null, "types_accepted": [] }, "process": { "application_fee_eur": 8, "application_location": [ "online", "in_country" ], "processing_time_weeks_min": 2, "processing_time_weeks_max": 4 }, "recent_changes": "No change to the digital-nomad permit itself: it remains a renewable ~6+6 month provisional-identity permit with a sworn-declaration-of-means standard and no salary minimum (per Uruguay XXI and gub.uy). Separately, Uruguay's tax-residency framework changed from 2026-01-01 under Law 20.446 (Rendicion de Cuentas/Budget Law): the investor/real-estate tax-holiday threshold for new tax residents was raised to roughly USD 2 million (~12.5 million U.I.) and a 12% rate now applies to certain foreign capital income where the holiday is not used. This affects long-term/tax-resident relocations, not the temporary nomad permit, under which foreign-source income generally stays untaxed because holders normally do not become tax residents.", "data_confidence": "medium", "last_verified": "2026-06-15", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/hoja-identidad-provisoria", "title": "Hoja de identidad provisoria - Tramites - gub.uy (Direccion Nacional de Migracion: includes 'nomada digital' category, cost 55.71 U.I., sworn declaration, vaccination cert per Decreto 136/2018, Decreto 394/009 / Decreto 353/23, document covers a period under 180 days)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.uruguayxxi.gub.uy/es/noticias/articulo/nomades-digitales-podran-vivir-y-trabajar-legalmente-en-uruguay/", "title": "Nomades digitales podran vivir y trabajar legalmente en Uruguay - Uruguay XXI (official: scope, 6 months renovable por 6 meses adicionales, Decreto 238/022, sworn declaration of means, no salary requirement at launch)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gub.uy/agencia-gobierno-electronico-sociedad-informacion-conocimiento/comunicacion/noticias/permiso-especial-residencia-legal", "title": "Permiso especial de residencia legal - gub.uy / AGESIC (official announcement: digital-nomad provisional-identity permit, 6+6 months, sworn declaration of means, criminal-record + vaccination cert for renewal, no income figure)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gub.uy/tramites/residencia-legal-temporaria", "title": "Residencia Legal - Temporaria - Tramites - gub.uy (ordinary temporary residence: issuing authority, 6 months-2 years duration, cost 557.30 U.I., for transition after the nomad permit)", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.gub.uy/direccion-general-impositiva/datos-y-estadisticas/datos/unidad-indexada", "title": "Unidad Indexada - Direccion General Impositiva (DGI), gub.uy: official daily U.I. value table; 15/06/2026 = 6.5781 UYU, used to convert the 55.71 U.I. fee", "authority_type": "government" }, { "url": "https://www.elobservador.com.uy/nota/extranjeros-podran-solicitar-residencia-en-uruguay-como-nomadas-digitales-20235813300", "title": "Uruguay llama a nomadas digitales a residir y trabajar con un permiso especial - El Observador (cost 55.71 U.I., 'actualmente no hay requisitos de sueldo' / no salary requirement, 6+6 month renewal, launch context)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.exchangerates.org.uk/EUR-UYU-exchange-rate-history.html", "title": "EUR/UYU exchange rate (~46.8 UYU per EUR, June 2026), used to convert the application fee to EUR", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.globalcitizensolutions.com/uruguay-tax-residency/", "title": "Uruguay Tax Residency - Complete 2026 Guide (183-day residency trigger with DGI substance test, territorial system, foreign-income treatment, new-resident holiday, Law 20.446)", "authority_type": "law_firm" }, { "url": "https://outboundinvestment.com/uruguay-raises-tax-holiday-threshold-to-us2-million-and-introduces-12-tax-on-foreign-income/", "title": "Uruguay Raises Tax Holiday Threshold to US$2 Million and Introduces 12% Tax on Foreign Income (Law 20.446, effective 2026-01-01)", "authority_type": "media" }, { "url": "https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/uruguay-healthcare", "title": "Uruguay - Healthcare (US ITA): SNIS / FONASA structure, ASSE public hospitals and private mutualistas", "authority_type": "government" } ] } ] }