English 
Français The short version
- Costa Rica has the lower entry bar: €2,760 per month versus €3,033 for United Arab Emirates.
- Tax treatment differs: Costa Rica — foreign income exempt; United Arab Emirates — no personal income tax. Tax outcomes depend heavily on personal circumstances.
| Criteria | Costa Rica DNV | United Arab Emirates VWP |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum income / month | €2,760 (better) | €3,033 |
| Income basis | Mixed (salary, freelance or savings) | Salary / employment contract |
| Initial duration | 1 year | 1 year |
| Renewable | Yes | Yes |
| Maximum total stay | 2 years | No fixed limit |
| Path to permanent residence | No | No |
| Path to citizenship | No | No |
| Family inclusion | Yes | Yes |
| Working for local clients | Not allowed | Not allowed |
| Tax treatment | Foreign income exempt (Ley 10008 incentivos fiscales) | No personal income tax |
| Health insurance | Required (explicit), min. €46,000 | Required (explicit) |
| Insurance duration required | Full visa period | Full visa period |
| Application fee | ≈ €92 | ≈ €88 (better) |
| Where to apply | Online, Embassy / consulate | Online, In country |
| Processing time | 2–3 weeks | 0.3 weeks |
Green values mark the objectively better number in that row.
Full guide
Costa Rica DNV →
Requirements, application steps, insurance and sources.
Full guide
United Arab Emirates VWP →
Requirements, application steps, insurance and sources.
Don't forget insurance
Both programs have their own health-insurance rules — we match plans against each one's published requirement, with the evidence shown.
Sources
- Government Nómadas Digitales — Dirección General de Migración y Extranjería (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Official gazette Reglamento Ley 10008 — Decreto Ejecutivo N.º 43619 (texto completo, SCIJ/La Gaceta) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Official gazette Ley N.º 10008 — texto completo (estancia de un año prorrogable) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Government Work remotely from Dubai (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government Work remotely from Dubai - eligibility: salary of at least US$3,500 (AED12,856) per month, 1-year contract with a non-UAE company (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government Work remotely from Dubai - health insurance valid for the UAE for at least one year; travel insurance acceptable with necessary cover (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government Work remotely from Dubai - visa costs as of August 2024 (US$101/AED 372.50 outside Dubai; US$334/AED 1,225.90 via AMER in Dubai, incl. VAT) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government GDRFA Dubai - Issuance of the virtual work residence permit (salary certificate USD 3,500 or equivalent; health insurance copy compulsory) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government GDRFA Dubai - Issuance of the virtual work residence permit (channels, documents, AED fees, 48h service time, 60-day grace, one year subject to renewal) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government GDRFA Dubai - Visa Issuance (Virtual Work) (valid health insurance document required at entry stage; USD 3,500 income condition) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government GDRFA Dubai - Visa Issuance (Virtual Work) (entry visa fee AED 200 + 5% VAT and surcharges; one-year extendable residence; family sponsorship) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government GDRFA Dubai - Renewing a virtual work residence permit (renewal service: salary certificate USD 3,500 mandatory, health insurance mandatory, AED 200 + surcharges, 48h, no savings requirement, no stated renewal cap) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government u.ae - Residence visa for working outside the UAE (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government u.ae - Residence visa for working outside the UAE ('zero income tax for individuals' under programme benefits) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10
- Government ECB reference exchange rate via Frankfurter API (2026-06-10: 1 USD = 0.86663 EUR) used for EUR conversions; AED converted via the 3.6725 USD peg (ECB publishes no AED rate) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-10