English 
Français The short version
- Estonia has the lower entry bar: €4,500 per month versus €5,310 for Romania.
- Tax treatment differs: Estonia — standard resident taxation; Romania — foreign income exempt. Tax outcomes depend heavily on personal circumstances.
| Criteria | Estonia DNV | Romania Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) |
|---|---|---|
| Minimum income / month | €4,500 (better) | €5,310 |
| Income basis | Mixed (salary, freelance or savings) | Salary / employment contract |
| Initial duration | 1 year | 1 year |
| Renewable | No | Yes (better) |
| Maximum total stay | 18 months | 3 years |
| Path to permanent residence | No | Indirect (switch required) |
| Path to citizenship | No | Via permanent residence |
| Family inclusion | Yes (better) | No |
| Working for local clients | Limited | Not allowed |
| Tax treatment | Standard resident taxation | Foreign income exempt (Digital nomad tax exemption (Law no. 69/2023)) |
| Health insurance | Required (explicit) | Required (explicit), min. €30,000 |
| Insurance duration required | Full visa period | Full visa period |
| Application fee | ≈ €120 | ≈ €120 |
| Where to apply | Embassy / consulate, In country | Embassy / consulate, Online |
| Processing time | 2–4 weeks | 2–9 weeks |
Green values mark the objectively better number in that row.
Full guide
Estonia DNV →
Requirements, application steps, insurance and sources.
Full guide
Romania Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) →
Requirements, application steps, insurance and sources.
Don't forget insurance
Both programs have their own health-insurance rules — we match plans against each one's published requirement, with the evidence shown.
Sources
- Government Long-term visa — Police and Border Guard Board (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Government Application for a long-stay (D) visa — Ministry of Foreign Affairs (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Government FAQs about Estonia's Digital Nomad Visa — e-Residency (Republic of Estonia) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Government IGI (General Inspectorate for Immigration) — Long-stay visa for other purposes (incl. digital nomads): insurance EUR 30,000, residence 1 year, 30-day decision (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Government IGI — Informare privind viza de lunga sedere pentru alte scopuri: '...cel putin trei ori castigul salarial mediu brut lunar din Romania' (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- International organisation EU Immigration Portal — Romania long-term visa: fee EUR 120, residence 1 year, decision within 60 days (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Law firm Noerr — Romania: Tax exemptions for digital nomads (Law 69/2023, Official Gazette 265/30-Mar-2023, 183-day rule) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Media Romania Experience — Romania salaries 2026 (INS avg gross monthly wage ~RON 9,272, Feb 2026) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Media Exchange-Rates.org — EUR/RON ~5.236 (June 2026), basis for income EUR conversion (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Law firm Romanian Law Office — Romania Digital Nomad Visa (Law 22/2022) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15
- Media Romania Experience — Digital Nomad Visa full guide 2026 (income ~EUR 5,600, EUR 30,000 insurance, ~36-month total) (opens in a new tab) accessed 2026-06-15